The diagnostics of combustion engine components currently requires the integration of many technical and scientific fields in order to quickly and accurately locate faults or pinpoint the causes of malfunction. This article analyzes the wear of injectors based on the geometric indicators of the fuel spray. Using a number of available parameter data, a selection has been made to best judge the wear of injectors in their operating conditions. Optical fuel spray tests were used to assess the injector wear. Various geometric indicators of the fuel stream have been presented, indicating their diagnostic utility and applicability. In conclusion, it was found that the current injection systems require the combination of mechanical injector diagnostics and advanced optical fuel spray diagnostics.
The process of fuel combustion in a diesel engine is determined by factors existing during liquid fuel injection and atomisation. The physicochemical properties of the fuel to a large extent decide upon the quality of this phase of cylinder fuelling. So it is important to ensure appropriate properties of a fuel affecting its atomisation and, as a result, combustion. The paper deals with the topic of diesel oil improvers and the analysis of their influence on atomisation and combustion indices. In the studies base diesel oil and a diesel fuel improved by a package of additives, were used. The process of conventional and improved fuel injection was analysed by using optical examinations. The amount of released heat was evaluated during the studies carried out on combustion. Significant aspects of the applied improvers in relation to fuel injection and its combustion have been indicated.
This work assessed the potential impact of diesel fuel complying with the EN 590 standard on real diesel injector performance in a long-term field test. Injector deposit formation has been attributed to diesel fuel instability during storage in relation to fuel injection equipment (FIE) operating conditions. These deposits can occur at different locations within FIE and impact on fuel spray characteristics, causing threats to the proper functioning of the fuel injectors. The long-term field tests were performed with two new vehicles fitted with an advanced common rail (CR) fuel injection system, meeting the requirements of Euro 5. A high quality diesel fuel meeting the requirements of the EN 590 standard was used for both vehicles. A scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and an electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) detector was used for observation and imaging of external, coking injector deposits around the nozzle fuel-flow holes and internal diesel injector deposits (IDID) in the area of the nozzle needle. An elemental analysis was performed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDX). Evaluation of the macroscopic characteristics revealed that, despite the formation of external and internal injector deposits, there was no measurable loss of flow through the injectors. As a result, while injector deposits have adverse impacts on some injector macroscopic characteristics, they did not cause a significant deterioration of the injectors' operating characteristic and their real performance.
Ocena parametrów użytkowych wtryskiwaczy piezoelektrycznych na podstawie badań wizualizacyjnych procesu rozpylania paliwa W artykule zamieszczono informacje dotyczące oceny parametrów użytkowych wtryskiwaczy piezoelektrycznych na podstawie badań wizualizacyjnych związanych z kształtowaniem i oceną wtrysku oraz z rozpyleniem paliwa. Stosując optyczne metody analizy, określono wskaźniki geometryczne powstającej strugi wtryskiwanego paliwa, takie jak: zasięg strugi, jej obszar i prędkość. Badania wykonano, wykorzystując ośmiootworkowe wtryskiwacze piezoelektryczne Delphi: nowe -o przebiegu eksploatacyjnym zerowym i wtryskiwacze używane -przebieg eksploatacyjny 80 tys. km. Przedmiotowe wtryskiwacze piezoelektryczne w okresie eksploatacji zasilane były dwoma paliwami: A i B.Słowa kluczowe: wtryskiwacz, paliwo, silnik. The evaluation of operating parameters of piezoelectric injectors on the basis of fuel atomization process visualizationThe article contains information on the evaluation of operating parameters of piezoelectric injectors, on the basis of fuel atomization process visualization. The issues related to the evolution and evaluation of fuel injection and atomization were discussed. Implementing optical methods of analysis, geometric ratios of the resulting fuel stream injected, such as range, area and speed, were determined. The studies were accomplished with the use of Delphi's piezoelectric injectors: new -with zero operating mileage and used injectors -with operating mileage of 80 thousand km. These piezoelectric injectors were fed with two fuels A and B.Współczesne normy dotyczące homologacji pojazdów ukierunkowane są na zwiększenie bezpieczeństwa oraz zmniejszenie emisji szkodliwych składników spalin. Istotnym czynnikiem związanym z ekologicznością oraz energetycznością są warunki pracy silnika.Wprowadzenie do seryjnej produkcji systemów zasilania typu common rail wymagało opanowania zaawansowanej technologii wytwarzania wtryskiwaczy, rozwoju elektroniki sterującej ich pracą oraz harmonizacji jakości paliw silnikowych [3].Jednym z istotnych parametrów jakościowych ściśle związanych ze składem strukturalno-grupowym paliw przezna-czonych do zasilania silników ZS jest skłonność do tworzenia się osadów w układzie paliwowym. Niektóre właściwości paliwa, takie jak duża lepkość, mała lotność, zawartość olefin, związków aromatycznych, biokomponentów (FAME), ułatwiają tworzenie się na końcówce wtryskiwaczy osadów koksowych. Postęp w dziedzinie technologii dodatków uszlachetniających detergentowo-dyspergujących i ich odpowiedni poziom dozowania pozwalają rozwiązać wiele problemów [11].Aby osiągnąć optymalne parametry pracy wtryskiwacza, należy precyzyjnie sterować wielkością dawki paliwa oraz czasem wtrysku paliwa. W tym celu wymagana jest dokładna Wprowadzenie
One of the most important requirements in the design of diesel combustion systems is to reduce emissions of harmful chemical compounds contained in exhaust gases. Solution to this problem is sought by the use of advanced engine injection systems and accurate control of mixture formation inside a cylinder via split fuel injection. The differences in physical characteristics between traditional and alternative fuels can affect fuel metering, especially at short injection durations. Thus, the aim of the current study was to identify dynamic flow parameters of the Common Rail injector with the use of different fuels. The study involved Diesel available in retail and biodiesel fuel obtained by methyl esterification of fatty acids. Measurements were performed on a test stand designed for determination of injectors and injection pumps characteristics. Studies were carried out changing the following parameters: injection pressure in the range of 30-180 MPa, injection time in the range of 200-1600 microseconds. Each fuel was tested at temperature 40 and 60°C. The obtained test results showed that injection of different fuels provided variable amounts of fuel injected at short injection durations, which can affect mixture formation process as well as combustion. Effect of the dose of the injected fuel has a viscosity of used fuel.
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