Climate change is one of the largest environmental issues causing hydroclimatological extremes such as floods, droughts, and aridity. The aim of this study is to assess the observed and projected climate changes in Bačka (Serbia). Detailed trend analyses and possible climate scenarios over Bačka has not been presented up to now. In this paper, four data sets were extracted and calculated: mean annual air temperature, mean air temperatures during the vegetation period, mean annual precipitation and total precipitation during the vegetation period. The presented parameters were obtained from the annual meteorological reports of the Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia. Trend equation based on linear regression, trend magnitude according to the trend equation, and Mann-Kendall statistics have been used for trend analysis of climatic parameters. A GIS modeling of the possible climate scenario was created according to the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model (BCC-CSM2-MR). Based on the trend equations, positive trends related to air temperature and precipitation variables are dominant. The trend magnitude shows the largest mean increase in all time series related to air temperature during the vegetation period. The highest mean precipitation increase occurs only in two time series. The Mann-Kendall statistics showed significantly positive trends in 11 cases and no changes in 9 cases. According to BCC-CSM2-MR, changes will be especially dominant in case of air temperatures. The expected changes in the total precipitation during the vegetation period show a tendency towards semiarid conditions. The presented results of observed and projected climate changes demand adaptation measures, especially from the aspect of sustainable agriculture.
We propose an improved variant of the accelerated gradient optimization models for solving unconstrained minimization problems. Merging the positive features of either double direction, as well as double step size accelerated gradient models, we define an iterative method of a simpler form which is generally more effective. Performed convergence analysis shows that the defined iterative method is at least linearly convergent for uniformly convex and strictly convex functions. Numerical test results confirm the efficiency of the developed model regarding the CPU time, the number of iterations and the number of function evaluations metrics.
Original scientific paper Corine Satellite Detection in combination with GIS may analyse and show the quantitive and qualitive features of a forest belt. As a result, it gives 100 m resolution satellite recordings and may even show horizontal forest dispersness. In order to avoid exceptions and recording overlapping with digitalization, what is considered is a 100 m resolution, an identical projection file called WGS 84, so that the Corine recording projection may be harmonised. This detection defines 44 types of earth layers, while a forest earth layer is defined by 12 types of soil. Concerning the specific nature of the territory observed , 5 types of soil are considered. What is observed in the soil structure are features of a territorial span with 3 types of forests, mixed forests, broad-leaved forests and coniferous forests, including two soil types containing sparsely vegetated areas or natural grasslands. Keywords: analyses; Corina; forest belt; GIS; satellite detection; sub-pixels Analize šumskog pojasa općine Prokuplje primjenom GIS & satelitske detekcijeIzvorni znanstveni članak Corine satelitska detekcija u kombinaciji s GIS-om može analizirati i pokazati kvantitativna i kvalitativna obilježja šumskog pojasa. Kao rezultat, dobivaju se satelitske snimke razlučivosti 100 m, a može se prikazati i horizontalna šumska rasprostranjenost. Kako bi se izbjegle iznimke i preklapanje snimki s digitalizacijom, koristi se rezolucija 100 m, identična projekcijska datoteka pod nazivom WGS 84, tako da se projekcija Corine snimki može uskladiti. Definirane su 44 vrste slojeva zemlje, dok je šumski sloj definiran s 12 tipova tla. S obzirom na specifičnu prirodu promatranog teritorija, razmatrano je 5 vrsta tla. Ono što je promatrano u strukturi tla su značajke površine s 3 vrste šuma, mješovite šume, širokolisne šume i crnogorične šume, uključujući i dva tipa tla koji sadrže slabo obrasla područja ili prirodne travnjake.
In this research, we try to connect sociology with GIS (Geographical Information Science). The main problem in the South-East Serbia present low integration of Roma minority group into society. In that case, better collective ecology conscience may give better inclusion results.
In some areas of the world, regional climate change is in good agreement with global climate change. This study brings new information about what defines climate change in the contact area of Adriatic Sea and Southeastern Europe, and conclusions are based on trend analysis of annual and seasonal temperatures in the southern and southeastern parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Trend analysis was applied on mean annual surface air temperatures, mean maximum temperatures, and mean minimum temperatures of all four seasons. This study used 4 meteorological stations: Livno, Bileća, Mostar, and Ivan Sedlo for 56 years. The main statistical method is the Mann-Kendall test. The total number of analysis is 48. A statistically significant positive trend was determined in 36 analysis, while in the rest of the tests this was not the case. The highest amount of temperature increase is present in the mean maximum summer air temperatures in Livno and Ivan Sedlo. Mean minimum autumn air temperatures had the smallest increase. Negative trend is present in the mean autumn surface air temperatures and mean maximum autumn temperatures. Using a geographical information system resulted in visualizing regional differences in the spatial distribution of isotherms. The study area has combined the influence of orography and maritime effects of the Adriatic Sea. Having in mind these results, the growing temperature has been recognized as a problem which needs more attention in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Unfortunately, official documents which propose economic adaptation on climate change in this country are not at a satisfactory level.
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