Claessens et al. (2000, Journal of Financial Economics 58(1–2), 81–112) show that corporate control is substantially enhanced by using pyramid structures and cross-holdings by firms in nine East Asian countries. Claessens et al. (1999, SSRN Working Paper; 2002, Journal of Finance 57(2), 2741–2771) provide empirical evidence regarding expropriation arising from the separation of cash flow from voting rights in Asian firms. Their analysis suggests a high degree of expropriation in Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. We re-examine the problem of expropriation in Asian firms reported by earlier research. We explore firm-level governance-control structure interactions, and control-legal environment interaction for a set of Asian firms for which we are able to obtain relevant data for all the required variables. The major contribution of this paper is that it jointly examines ownership-control structure, firm-level governance and country-level legal protection available to external suppliers of capital. Using post-crisis data, we find a strong country effect in governance. In general, high control firms in countries with weak legal protection have lower firm-level governance scores in general. On the other hand, high control firms, in countries which have a stronger legal protection environment, signal their intention to not expropriate minority shareholders’ wealth by voluntarily adopting measures to strengthen their discipline and responsibility scores. Contrary to earlier findings, we do not find a relationship between control-ownership wedge and firm value. Furthermore, we do not find any relation between firm-level governance and firm value as measured by Tobin’s Q. Copyright Springer 2005corporate governance, expropriation, ownership structure, G15, G32, G34,
This study contributes to current research on quantitative easing. We provide a novel analysis of the quantitative easing effectiveness as an unconventional monetary policy tool in Japan over the last two decades. The paper advances current research on quantitative easing by exploring quantitative easing through the prism of the monetary transmission mechanism. We examine the response of Japanese Regional Banks to the quantitative easing operations conducted by the Bank of Japan from the early 2000s till 2015. The analysis is performed within the framework of the bank lending channel under the unconventional monetary policy strategies. We find that small-sized regional banks underline the significant positive effect of quantitative easing on gross domestic product and inflation that works through the securities holdings and leverage preferences. Monetary authorities should pay particular attention to policies for such banks and banks with a high level of non-performing loans. Deposit growth after a quantitative easing shock is only present in large sized banks with low NPLs holdings.
This paper is the result of a crowdsourced effort to surface perspectives on the present and future direction of international finance. The authors are researchers in financial economics who attended the INFINITI 2017 conference in the University of Valencia in June 2017 and who participated in the crowdsourcing via the Overleaf platform. This paper highlights the actual state of scientific knowledge in a multitude of fields in finance and proposes different directions for future research.
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