Semiotics and Semiology share a similar etymology and meaning: the study of signs. In Medicine, signs are objective manifestations of disease, as opposed to the subjective nature of symptoms. Medical semiology comprises the study of symptoms, somatic signs and laboratory signs, history taking and physical examination (in English-speaking countries is known as Bedside diagnostic examination or Physical diagnosis). The first edition of Medical Semiology dates from 1987, and new editions appeared in 1999, 2010, and 2017. The book is devoted to semiology proper with clinical orientation. Its origin, however, dates back to 1937, when the University of Chile appointed Dr. Hernán Alessandri (1900-1981), the eminent Chilean medical educator, Professor in Semiology at the Internal Medicine Section of the Hospital del Salvador in Santiago. The authors of the present book served as Dr. Alessandri's teaching assistants for decades. The two-semester course in semiology had a tutorial character: each teaching assistant was assigned five students whom engaged daily in practical activities in the hospital wards for a total of four hours, in addition to a 45- minute lecture on the theoretical aspects of the subject. The 720-page fourth edition of the book brings together teaching method and clinical experience of more than 50 years. The book consists of six Sections: "Cardinal manifestations of disease", "Major clinical syndromes", "History taking and Physical examination", "Clinical diagnosis and the patient-physician relationship", "Laboratory clinical tests and Instrumental exploration of the body," and "Glossary of diseases." In its forty Chapters, a total of 207 issues are described in detail.
ETICA MÉDICA E n el tema de la eutanasia, la cuestión central es dilucidar si al médico le estaría moralmente permitido causar la muerte de un enfermo en forma prematura o dejar que se produzca o, incluso, si sería obligatorio hacerlo en ciertas circunstancias, y, por consiguiente, si también debería estar jurídicamente permitida o ser impuesta. En la mayor parte de los países, la eutanasia no está legalmente autorizada y no deja de ser un dato digno de atención que, hasta ahora, la mayoría de las asociaciones médicas se han pronunciado en contra de ella. La legitimidad o ilegitimidad moral de la eutanasia ha sido largamente debatida por filósofos, teólogos, eticistas y médicos, y sigue siéndolo hoy en día [1][2][3][4][5][6] .La posición de las personas respecto a la eutanasia está muy marcada por las tradiciones Correspondencia a: Dr.
On the use of eponyms in medicine A distinctive feature of medical language is the use of eponyms or denominations constructed using the names of real or imaginary persons. Some consider this practice as inappropriate, because eponyms are sometimes more a reflection of influence and power rather than the real authorship of discoveries. On the other hand, others consider valid the use of eponyms since they are a part of a scientific domain used to name objects and diseases. The fact is that tradition and use have finally imposed eponyms in medical language and demonstrated its usefulness. They facilitate the communication between peers and are also a tribute to the clinical sagacity and observational skills of their disconverers. A reasonable practice is to favor the use of those classical eponyms that have endured the pass of time due to their clinical importance, specificity, diagnostic significance or historical relevance. Moreover, the knowledge of the biography or historical environment of discoverers of signs, syndromes or diseases gives us a historical perspective of medicine and sheds light on the past, evolution and present knowledge and practice of medicine (
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