Este trabajo describe la organización, distribución y frecuencia de las oportunidades de aprendizaje de las ciencias naturales ofrecidas por la reforma de las Bases Curriculares 2012 para educación básica en Chile. El currículo fue segmentado en elementos que fueron codificados de acuerdo a los contenidos científicos, procesos cognitivos y habilidades científicas presentes/ausentes. Los resultados indican que la mitad de los contenidos científicos corresponde al eje temático Ciencias de la Vida (51.5 por ciento); en tanto los contenidos específicos de cada eje presentan una distribución heterogénea y sin un criterio definido de progresión. Las habilidades científicas predominantes son comunicar (27.8 por ciento) y observar (15.2 por ciento), y prevalecen las habilidades cognitivas de baja complejidad como comprender (49.0 por ciento) y recordar (27.6 por ciento). En una reforma curricular resulta imperativo que el currículo prescrito sea consistente con las metas planteadas y que muestre una organización y progresión de contenidos y habilidades coherente con ese fin.
Based on our findings, we can make the following recommendations: although many journals are available in electronic form, they should also be maintained in print form; each journal should divulge its subscription fee, even if it is included in the annual society membership dues; although each Latin American country might decide to publish its own pulmonology journal, the feasibility of publishing a multinational Latin American pulmonology journal should be explored.
The author Alejandra Venegas (independent researcher) is located at Santiago, Chile The footnote in Table 1 should read: Family income dummy variable: proportion of students with monthly family income below USD $1100. Standardized GPA 1 : Should read: Standardized GPA 1 (Std_GPA 1): Student's grade point average during first year of college (standardized by institution). The original article has been corrected. Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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