Preventing the spread of COVID-19 does not only require efforts from the government, but also behaviors performed by society in order to prevent the COVID-19 transmission by implementing health protocol called as 6M (Wear Masks, Wash Hands, Keep Your Distance, Avoid Crowds, Limit Mobility, and Avoid Eating Out with Others). Behavior compliance to health protocol is known as obedience, consisting of three dimensions in psychology, including belief, accept, and act. Based on a research conducted on 79 random respondents, the Keep Your Distance protocol had a lower level of obedience compared to Wear Masks and Wash Hands. The collectivist culture of Indonesian people has become a challenge as gathering culture is not only a desire to gather, but also a part of daily need fulfillment, especially for people who rely on their neighbors to survive. The implementation of physical distancing forces people to be individualists in order to break the chain of COVID-19 transmission. This was explained in a further elaboration of the Keep Your Distance as activities to avoid crowds, limit mobility, or avoid eating out with others. Thus, it is necessary to enhance public trust and acceptance of keeping a distance to prevent the spread of COVID-19.
The increasing number of non-franchise local coffee shops is a good sign for the social entrepreneurship sector. Their endeavor in opening jobs opportunity and improving social welfare are highly respected. During the Covid-19 pandemic, various non-franchise local coffee shops tried to maintain their business sustainability. Knowing the organizational culture could be one of them. In this study, the Organizational culture of non-franchise local coffee shops has measured by the Organization Culture Inventory (OCI) instrument, which involved 43 millennial employees and three owners of seven MSMEs of local non-franchise coffee shops in Bandung, West Java. The results indicate that generally, non-franchise local coffee shops in Bandung has dominated by the Constructive dimension which consists of the following aspects: Humanistic/Encouraging = 82.3%; Affiliative = 83.5%; Achievement = 79.9% and Self-Actualizing = 75.1%. The statement indicates that the various non-franchise coffee shops support each employee to interact with each other, both among employees and the customers as well. In completing their tasks, they prioritize a mutual assistance approach that somehow could support employees' enthusiasm and self-actualization at work.
Respon pasangan suami-istri dalam menanggapi konflik memegang peranan penting bagi stabilitas dan keberlangsungan pernikahan. Respon konstruktif dapat mempromosikan peningkatan evaluasi subjektif pasangan terkait kualitas hidup dalam konteks hubungan pernikahan. Sementara itu, respon destruktif mempromosikan kecenderungan penurunan evaluasi kualitas hidup secara personal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian komparasi, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan respon antara suami dan istri ketika menanggapi konflik pernikahan yang ditinjau dari 4 tipe respon yakni konstruktif-aktif (voice), konstruktif-pasif (loyalty), destruktif-aktif (exit), destruktif-pasif (neglect). Sampel yang digunakan pada prosedur kuantitatif adalah pasangan suami-istri yang berdomisili di Kota Makassar dengan rentang usia 20 – 59 tahun (n=350). Instrumen yang digunakan pada prosedur kuantitatif adalah instrumen EVLN diadaptasi dan dimodifikasi untuk keperluan penelitian khususnya kesesuaian budaya. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalaah uji komparasi/uji beda independent sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, kelompok laki-laki secara umum cenderung merespon konflik dengan tipe respon voice sementara kelompok perempuan cenderung merespon konflik dengan tipe respon loyalty. Meskipun tidak ditemukan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara tipe respon exit dan neglect pada kedua kelompok pengukuran, namun secara umum dapat dilihat bahwa kelompok laki-laki memiliki nilai pengukuran yang lebih tinggi dari pada kelompok perempuan pada pengukuran tipe respon destruktif-aktif (exit). Sebaliknya, pada tipe respon destruktif-pasif (loyalty), rerata nilai pengukuran yang diperoleh oleh kelompok perempuan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok laki-laki. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa, terdapat perbedaan bentuk pelibatan diri antara laki-laki dan perempuan ketika merespon konflik.
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