An ionic crystal of Cs2[Cr3O(OOCC2H5)6(H2O)3]2[alpha-SiW12O40].4H2O 1a with hydrophilic and hydrophobic channels has been designed and successfully synthesized. The guest-free phase 1b sorbs dichloromethane and water in the hydrophobic and hydrophilic channels, respectively. The rate and equilibrium amount of the dichloromethane sorption into the hydrophobic channel and those of water into the hydrophilic channel were independent of each other. The sorption properties can be applied to the channel-selective sorption and collection of hydrophobic (dichloromethane) and hydrophilic (water) molecules from the mixture.

The preparation of CuAl LDH and biochar (BC) composite derived from rice husk and its application as a low-cost adsorbent for enhanced adsorptive removal of malachite green has been studied. The composite was prepared by a one-step coprecipitation method and characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM−EDX). The result indicated that CuAl LDH was successfully incorporated with the biochar that evidenced by the broadening of XRD peak at 2θ = 24° and the appearance of a new peak at 1095 cm−1 on the FTIR spectra. The BET surface area analysis revealed that CuAl/BC composite exhibited a larger surface area (200.9 m2/g) that the original CuAl LDH (46.2 m2/g). Surface morphological changes also confirmed by SEM image, which showed more aggregated particles. The result of the adsorption study indicated the composite material was efficient in removing malachite green with Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of CuAl/BC reaching 470.96 mg/g, which is higher than the original CuAl LDH 59.523 mg/g. The thermodynamic analysis suggested that the adsorption of malachite green occurs spontaneously (ΔG < 0 at all tested temperature) and endothermic nature. Moreover, the CuAl/BC composite showed strong potential as a low-cost adsorbent for cationic dye removal since it showed not only a high adsorption capacity but also good reusability. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

A convenient procedure has been developed for the preparation of Group 14 compounds by integrated palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of aromatic iodides with the corresponding Group 14 hydrides in the presence of a base. The reaction conditions can be applied to the cross-coupling of tertiary, secondary, and primary Group 14 compounds. In most cases, the desired arylated products were obtained in synthetically useful yields. Even in the case of aryl iodides containing OH, NH(2), CN, or CO(2)R groups, the reactions proceeded with good to high yields with tolerance of these reactive functional groups. A possible application of this method is the unique synthesis of a fungicidal diarylmethyl(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)silane derivative.

The abundant natural bentonite from Sarolangun deposit of Jambi Province, Indonesia, has been successfully activated by a wet acid activation method and applied as a low-cost, and environmental-friendly adsorbent for Congo red dye removal from aqueous solution. The activated bentonite samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N 2 adsorption-desorption, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The batch adsorption technique has been conducted to study the adsorption behavior of Congo red on activated bentonite. The effects of operational parameters toward the Congo red adsorption on activated bentonite, including adsorbent dosage, initial pH, contact time, initial concentration, and temperature were investigated. Moreover, the properties of adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherm, and adsorption thermodynamic were also investigated. The results of material characterization showed that acid-activated bentonite has better properties than natural bentonite. For instance, the surface area of acid-activated bentonite elevated almost five-fold compared with natural bentonite. The batch adsorption study showed that the Congo red adsorption on acid-activated bentonite was significantly affected by adsorbent dosage, initial pH, contact time, dye concentration, and temperature. The adsorption kinetics investigation revealed that adsorption was best evaluated by a pseudo-second-order model rather than pseudo-first-order model. The adsorption equilibrium study described that the adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model. The result of thermodynamic investigation revealed that the adsorption process occurred spontaneously and favorably in high-temperature conditions.

Preparation of calcium oxide from

The treatment of aryl iodides with tris(trimethylsilyl)silane in the presence of Pd(P(tBu)(3))(2) and the Hünig base leads to the formation of hypersilylated aromatic products in good to excellent yields without cleavage of weak Si-Si bonds under mild conditions.

Layered double hydroxide (LDH) Cu/Al and Cu/Cr had been used as adsorbent of malachite green (MG) in aqueous solution. The properties of Cu/Al and Cu/Cr LDHs were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, surface area analysis (BET) and FTIR spectroscopy. Adsorption study of MG was achieved at pH 9. Adsorption of MG follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Langmuir isotherm was suitable for adsorption of MG on both LDH with a maximum adsorption capacity of 59.52 mg/g. The thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption process is physisorption, spontaneous, and endothermic process.  Adsorption of MG onto LDHs involve the acid-base interaction between adsorbent and adsorbate.

The complexation of Keggin-type polyoxometalate [alpha-SiW 12O 40] (4-), macrocation [Cr 3O(OOCC 2H 5) 6(H 2O) 3] (+), and monovalent cation A (+) forms ionic crystals of A 2[Cr 3O(OOCC 2H 5) 6(H 2O) 3] 2[alpha-SiW 12O 40]. nH 2O [A = Na ( 1a), K ( 2a), Rb ( 3a), NH 4 ( 4a), Cs ( 5a), and tetramethylammonium (TMA) ( 6a)]. Single crystal (1a- 4a and 6a) and powder (5a) X-ray analyses have shown that the ionic crystals possess 2D layers of polyoxometalates and macrocations. Compounds 2a- 5a had almost the same structure, while the layers in 1a and 6a stack in different ways. The structures and sorption properties of 2b- 5b are investigated in more detail. The interlayer distances of guest free phases 2b- 5b increase with the increase in the ionic radii of the monovalent cations, which reside between the layers. Compounds 2b- 5b possess hydrophobic and hydrophilic channels, which exist between the layers and through the layers, respectively. The volumes of the hydrophobic channels increase in the order of 2b < 3b approximately 4b < 5b, and those of the hydrophilic channels increase in the order of 2b < or = 3b < or = 4b < 5b. Single-crystal X-ray structure analyses of 2a- 4a have shown that the water of crystallization resides in the hydrophilic channel. It is probable that the water of crystallization in 5a resides in the hydrophilic channel in the same manner as those in 2a- 4a since 2a- 5a have almost the same structure. The water vapor sorption profiles of 2b- 5b are approximately reproduced by a linear driving force model. Therefore, water molecules sorbed in 2b- 5b probably reside in the hydrophilic channel. The n-propanol sorption profiles are reproduced by the summation of the linear driving force model, showing that two independent barriers exist in the n-propanol sorption. The in situ IR spectra of n-propanol sorbed showed the presence of two n-propanol species. These data show that n-propanol is sorbed into both hydrophilic and hydrophobic channels. Compound 5b sorbs halocarbons in the hydrophobic channel, while 2b- 4b exclude them.