<p class="0abstract">The aim of the article is to study the modern mobile learning system, to understand its advantages and disadvantages, and to determine the relationship between the concepts of digital learning. The goal of the study is to conduct an experiment on the implementation of a flexible mobile application for studying the "macroeconomics" by students of economic specialties and to compare the results obtained with the selected control group. A total of 20 sophomores (10 each from two universities: Sechenov University, Department of Economics and Management; and Azerbaijan State Economic University, Department of Economic Theory) were offered to study the course in macroeconomics using a mobile application during the semester (from September to December 2019). Students were selected from two universities for the scientific objectivity and from the second year of the bachelor's degree, since "macroeconomics" is studied in the early courses, regardless of the further, specific economic direction of the student. Students did not attend lectures and practical classes with a teacher; all training was performed with the help of an application. A control group of the same specialty and year (also 20 people) was selected to confirm or contradict the effectiveness of such a mobile application. The control group students studied "macroeconomics" in the traditional way, namely attending lectures and practical classes with a teacher, during this semester. As a result of the experiment, the study group students liked training with the application. Meanwhile, 70% of the students would not like to have such training for all disciplines, permanently. But students supported studying using a special mobile app as a supplement to the main format of teaching. During the final examination, held by the traditional method (a written exam - answers to 4 open questions and 10 multiple choice questions), the following results were obtained. Students, who were using m-learning, on average, got higher results by 0.2 points, according to the overall assessment, a 5-grade scale, and separately according to the test results more by 2 correct answers than students with the traditional education. Thus, this can be explained since students using mobile app practiced material in a form of game or case, which helped them to immerse themselves more in the problem and to assimilate the material. The results were compared with the research of other scientists.</p>
In modern society, there is a constant development and improvement of the transport industry, due to which the role and distribution of this logistics industry, which is a service, is growing for the high-quality and fast delivery of goods. To maximize the export of finished products and more effective penetration into international markets around the world are organized by global logistics systems. This article summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the place and prospects of management of the transport infrastructure of global logistics. The study’s main purpose is to confirm the hypothesis about the existence of global logistics clusters united by a common transport infrastructure in accordance with the geopolitical and economic features of the regions. In this regard, the array of input data is presented in the form of ten transport infrastructure indicators from databases of the World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The study of the transport infrastructure of global logistics in the article is carried out in the following logical sequence: the formation of an array of input data; input data normalization; determination of the integral index of the level of transport infrastructure’s development (principal component method); clustering (the k-means method) and interpretation of the obtained results. Forty-five European and Asian countries were selected as the object of the study from 2006 to 2020. The study empirically confirms the above hypothesis, evidenced by the identified integral index of the level of transport infrastructure’s development and qualitative composition of the obtained clusters. The road passenger transport indicator exerts the most significant influence on the integral index of transport infrastructure, air transport, passengers carried, container port traffic and railways, passengers carried. In general, during the studied period, countries were grouped into three and two clusters. The consolidation of clusters in 2020 indicates that the transport infrastructure of countries with an average level of economic development began to develop actively. In particular, this concerns the increased demand for road transport. The study results can be useful for public authorities and international organizations that provide services for managing the transport infrastructure of global logistics.
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