The article is devoted to the current issue of 2020 on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism industry in general, Azerbaijan in particular, and overcoming this crisis, taking into account the main aspects and goals of sustainable development. The primary purpose of the article is to form recommendations for compliance with the goals of sustainable development in the tourism industry of Azerbaijan with the levelling of events caused by the influence of COVID-19. A review of the scientific literature concluded that the issue of tourism marketing in crisis conditions is always complicated and multifaceted. The development of the tourism sector is a positive change for the host countries, which helps to solve problems in other areas of the economy. The article presents the dynamics of development of the tourism industry in recent years in the world, in the group of Middle East countries, which respectively includes Azerbaijan. The leading quantitative indicators of tourism development in Azerbaijan, neighbouring countries, and Ukraine were compared. The relevance of this study is that a systematic restart of the tourism sector after the end of quarantine measures is a necessary condition to take into account all the preferences, requests, and concerns of citizens who are direct participants in the economic component of tourism. During the preparation of the material, a marketing survey of Azerbaijani citizens was conducted to study the potential impact of COVID-19 on the tourism industry. The survey was conducted on April 13-21, 2020, by a team of researchers from the University of Northampton (UK), the National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography at Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, University of National and World Economy (Bulgaria). The article highlights the main results of this study, based on which the critical inquiries of Azerbaijani citizens regarding the restart of tourism in the country were formed. The analytical method of the article analyzes the goals of sustainable development, announced following the Resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly on September 25, and which become most relevant in the context of 2020 and are a challenge for modern society and Azerbaijan in particular. As a result of this study, recommendations were made to restart the tourism sector in Azerbaijan, given compliance with and implementation of sustainable development goals. The results of this study can be useful for the governing institutions of Azerbaijan and other countries in which the tourism industry has developed dynamically and rapidly over the past few years. Keywords tourism, sustainable development goals, COVID-19 impact, social aspects of tourism, tourist choice, restart of tourism, health of citizens.
In modern society, there is a constant development and improvement of the transport industry, due to which the role and distribution of this logistics industry, which is a service, is growing for the high-quality and fast delivery of goods. To maximize the export of finished products and more effective penetration into international markets around the world are organized by global logistics systems. This article summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the place and prospects of management of the transport infrastructure of global logistics. The study’s main purpose is to confirm the hypothesis about the existence of global logistics clusters united by a common transport infrastructure in accordance with the geopolitical and economic features of the regions. In this regard, the array of input data is presented in the form of ten transport infrastructure indicators from databases of the World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The study of the transport infrastructure of global logistics in the article is carried out in the following logical sequence: the formation of an array of input data; input data normalization; determination of the integral index of the level of transport infrastructure’s development (principal component method); clustering (the k-means method) and interpretation of the obtained results. Forty-five European and Asian countries were selected as the object of the study from 2006 to 2020. The study empirically confirms the above hypothesis, evidenced by the identified integral index of the level of transport infrastructure’s development and qualitative composition of the obtained clusters. The road passenger transport indicator exerts the most significant influence on the integral index of transport infrastructure, air transport, passengers carried, container port traffic and railways, passengers carried. In general, during the studied period, countries were grouped into three and two clusters. The consolidation of clusters in 2020 indicates that the transport infrastructure of countries with an average level of economic development began to develop actively. In particular, this concerns the increased demand for road transport. The study results can be useful for public authorities and international organizations that provide services for managing the transport infrastructure of global logistics.
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