A review article is based on current foreign sources. The level of cytokines in the peripheral blood can be increased in many diseases, but in some cases there may be an excess of their normal concentration in tens, hundreds or more times with the development of a peculiar clinical picture, which is based on a systemic inflammatory reaction. In the literature this condition has received the figurative name «cytokine storm», which highlights an extremely violent reaction of the immune system with an unknown (often unfavorable) outcome. Close attention of the scientific world and the public to the problem of extremely high levels of cytokines in the peripheral blood (hypercytokinemia) was drawn due to the high frequency of the cytokine storm in the novel coronavirus infection.
Quarantine measures cannot comprehensively prevent further spread of SARS-CoV-2, as they do not involve the inner mechanisms of antiviral protection; thus, it is necessary to consider other prophylactic methods of contamination and development of severe forms of COVID-19. Low levels of vitamin D in blood determine a more unfavorable course of the disease and are associated with a large number of lethal outcomes of COVID-19. Also, low levels of this vitamin correlate with higher vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2. Meta analysis of 25 randomized studies showed that intake of vitamin D reliably reduces the risk of ARVI contamination by 12% on average and also reduces the risk of repeated ARVI contamination in persons having at least one ARVI episode in a year. It is essential to use the available methods of CO VID-19 prophylactics, one of which is adequate provision with vitamin D.
A review article is based on current foreign sources. The level of cytokines in the peripheral blood can be increased in many diseases, but in some cases there may be an excess of their normal concentration in tens, hundreds or more times with the development of a peculiar clinical picture, which is based on a systemic inflammatory reaction. In the literature this condition has received the figurative name «cytokine storm», which highlights an extremely violent reaction of the immune system with an unknown (often unfavorable) outcome. Close attention of the scientific world and the public to the problem of extremely high levels of cytokines in the peripheral blood (hypercytokinemia) was drawn due to the high frequency of the cytokine storm in the novel coronavirus infection.
Since the Spanish flu in 1918, there has not been such a large-scale pandemic, causing significant damage to the economy of Russia and other countries, as the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19, which began in December 2019. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is highly infectious and can proceed both asymptomatic and in an extremely severe form, especially in the presence of comorbidity. Despite the fact that the clinical picture is associated with respiratory syndrome, long-term neurological symptoms are increasingly observed. In this study, we tried to find out the most pronounced and long-lasting neurological symptoms in the first 6 months after the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19. An important role in the rehabilitation process of this group of patients is played by the strategy of neurocytoprotection, which is aimed at preventing and reducing neuronal damage by affecting the cellular mechanisms of neuroregeneration and cerebral reorganization, which leads not only to structural and metabolic, but also to functional recovery.
The widespread prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in clinical practice makes urgent the issue of therapy. This article describes the clinical manifestations, considers the recommended methods of diagnosis and therapy, including in pediatrics.
At present, the use of antibacterial drugs is one of the most frequently recommended methods of treating a large number of infectious diseases. However, in clinical practice, excessive use of antibiotics, unreasonable antibiotic therapy, and inappropriate combinations are quite common, which creates the risk of unwanted side effects, increases the cost of treatment and leads to an increase in microorganism resistance. That is why, in modern medicine, the problem of rational antibiotic therapy, i.e. the adequate use of antibacterial drugs, compliance with strict indications for their use, certain schemes and principles of use, and the creation of protocols for antibiotic therapy in pediatric practice, remains relevant. Antibacterial drugs should be prescribed for inflammatory diseases of bacterial etiology and for perioperative prophylaxis. Antibiotics should not be used in the treatment of uncomplicated acute viral respiratory diseases, since they do not have an antiviral effect, do not reduce fever, and do not prevent the development of bacterial complications. The purpose of this work is to form a methodological approach to the use of antibacterial drugs in pediatrics based on existing Russian recommendations.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.