A simple and sensitive method for the determination of 21 polyphenolic compounds in wastewater from olive oil production plants is proposed. The method involves a liquid-liquid microextraction (LLME) procedure with ethyl acetate followed by a silylation step. Identification and quantification have been performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). MS measurements were carried out using selected ion monitoring mode (SIM). alpha-Naftol was used as internal standard. The proposed method was applied to the determination of these compounds in wastewater from an olive oil production factory in Jaén (Spain) at concentration levels ranging from 1.0 to 75.0mugml(-1) for each compound. The autodegradation process by own microbiota in samples collected in three different points of the factory was also studied. The method was validated by a recovery assay with spiked samples.
A consecutive series of 22 pathological fractures of the humeral shaft in 21 patients treated at one institution were included in this retrospective study. Patients were treated with anterograde locked intramedullary nailing. Mean follow-up was 22.7 months (range 3-60). Mean VAS score improved from 89.5 (range 80-100) to 14.5 (range 0-40). In most patients there was a satisfactory return to daily activities within six weeks of surgery. Seventeen of 19 patients reported to be satisfied. Mean duration of hospitalization after surgery was 4.3 days (range 2-15). There were no complications related to the implants. There were no operative complications and the average operation time was 48 minutes (range 35-160). The consolidation rate was 80%. We emphasize that suspicion of fracture and interdisciplinary work between oncologists and orthopaedic surgeons are of crucial importance for survival time and individual treatment.
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