The current case study aimed to quantify within-subjects correlations between training load and well-being in elite male beach soccer players. Data were obtained over three consecutive days during the preparation camp for the FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup Russia 2021. The session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) and external training load metrics using global positioning system (GPS) were recorded. Eleven players reported perceived well-being (sleep quality, fatigue, muscle soreness and stress) using a Likert scale (Hooper Index) before breakfast. Within-subjects correlation coefficients between workload and well-being were calculated. Workload metrics and perceived well-being indices were significantly lower on day three than on days one and two. The Hooper Index presented a very large positive correlation with s-RPE (r = 0.86 [0.67, 0.94], 95% confidence interval, CI), exposure time (r = 0.88 [0.71, 0.95]), total distance (r = 0.83 [0.60, 0.93]), high-speed distance (r = 0.77 [0.50, 0.91]), and number of sprints (r = 0.75 [0.47, 0.90]). Sleep quality presented a moderate to large positive correlation with s-RPE (r = 0.51 [0.11, 0.77]), exposure time (r = 0.50 [0.10, 0.76]), high-speed distance (r = 0.53 [0.15, 0.78]), number of sprints (r = 0.62 [0.28, 0.83]) and total distance (r = 0.41 [0.18, 0.78]). Fatigue presented a large to very large positive correlation with s-RPE (r = 0.85 [0.66, 0.94]), exposure time (r = 0.90 [0.78, 0.96]), total distance (r = 0.86 [0.68, 0.94]), high-speed distance (r = 0.65 [0.31, 0.84]) and number of sprints (r = 0.56 [0.18, 0.79]). Muscle soreness presented a large to very large positive correlation with s-RPE (r = 0.79 [0.56, 0.91]), exposure time (r = 0.83 [0.62, 0.93]), total distance (r = 0.81 [0.59, 0.92]), high-speed distance (r = 0.75 [0.47, 0.89]) and number of sprints (r = 0.59 [0.22, 0.81]). Overall, workload presented a meaningful correlation with perceived well-being indices in elite male beach soccer players during a training camp. These findings suggest that workload metrics and perceived well-being indices can be implemented into the daily routine of an elite beach soccer team, which may assist coaches, sports scientists, and practitioners in better preparing players for beach soccer competitions.
IntroductionIncremental protocols for cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) are the gold standard in determining intensity domains (IntDom) for exercise prescription. In CPET, gas analysis provides proxy of muscular metabolism during exercise, but a delay between the end-expiratory gases analysed and the myocyte can be attributed to the buffering of metabolites, fluid convection and gas exchanges.PO2 at the venous end of a muscle capillary reflects the balance of O2 consumed andthe O2 made available by muscle blood flow, via oxyhemoglobin and plasma dissolved O2. As PO2 decreases, and upon reaching a critical value, O2 is no longer available to ensure ATP regeneration solely from aerobic sources, increasing lactate. The pattern of VCO2 alters, and heavy intensity exercise ensues.The transcutaneous determination of muscle O2 bound to haemoglobin and myoglobin (HbO2), through near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), reflects PO2, and could be an alternative to monitoring local changes in muscle metabolism. Given that in the original time series, the IntDom duration varies from individual to individual, comparing the muscular oxygenation behaviours according to IntDom can be problematic, which is the aim of this work.MethodsWell-trained 45 athletes (37 males and 8 females), aged 28.1 ± 9.3 years, performed a maximal incremental stress test (IncST), twenty-seven in a cycle-ergometer and 18 in a treadmill, with gas-exchange and tissue oxygenation monitoring. The IntDom were determined after estimation of first and second ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2). Oxyhemoglobin (HbO2), deoxyhemogobin (HHb), total haemoglobin (tHb) concentrations were paired into each IntDom. Time series for each IntDom were modified by linear interpolation, so that IntDom for all subjects were the same length. HbO2 and HHb were also represented as the percentage of their own average (HbO2% and HHb%), to assess variation throughout the entirety of the IncST. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. A repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to evaluate changes between different IntDom.ResultsA linear increase in HHb was observed throughout the IncST, with significant differences between each IntDom. HbO2 remained stable during moderate and heavy IntDom, but declined significantly in the severe IntDom. tHb concentration increased linearly from moderate to heavy IntDom, and after reaching VT2 decreased, with significant differences between each of the domains. Tissue oxygenation index (TOI) decreased significantly between IntDom.The tHb in the exercising muscle increased throughout the moderate and heavy IntDom.Abstract O-49 Figure 1Mean TOI (%) in IntDomDiscussionWhen critical PO2 is reached, the fine regulation of tissue oxygenation seems to be able to maintain HbO2 despite the increasing VO2. This represents an adequate regulatory response, attributed to the diminished peripheral vascular resistances, and increase in cardiac output.In the severe IntDom, notwithstanding the continuing HHb increase, tHb decreases. We hypothesise that the severe ...
IntroductionExercise tolerance is an important factor regarding quality of life. The maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) is a good indicator of pulmonary, cardiovascular and muscular functional integration during exercise.Oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics is a reliable determinant of sports performance, in terms of oxygen (O2) transport adjustment, muscular metabolism during exercise, and exercise intensity. The time constant (τ) and the amplitude of the VO2 response (ΔVO2) are parameters of the VO2 kinetics, and allow the determination of the O2 deficit, calculated as τ × Δ VO2. For a given work rate in the moderate intensity domain, τ is lowest in subjects with the highest VO2 max.MethodsTo determine the effect of different training backgrounds on VO2 kinetics parameters, six endurance-trained (T) and six sedentary (S) healthy males, aged 30–53 years, were recruited to perform 3-bouts of constant-work-rate (CWR) exercise in moderate intensity domain, in a treadmill ergometer.The selected work rate for each subject was previously determined from a maximal incremental stress test in a treadmill ergometer with gas-exchange analysis, as 10% below their individual first ventilatory threshold (VT1), also known as anaerobic threshold. Level of fitness and body composition were also determined.ResultsVO2 max was higher in T than in S (median T 60, 90 vs. S 42, 45 mL Kg-1 min-1, p=0.002). Body weight was lower in T than in S (median T 72.6 vs. S 77.15 Kg, p = 0.015), and muscle mass percentage was higher (median T 62% vs. S, 47%, p=0.009).During the CWR exercise, VO2 rest was not different between groups (median T, 5.75 vs. S, 5.07 mL Kg-1 min-1, p = 0.132), and work rate selected for each subject was higher in T than in S (median T 174 vs. S 101 Watt, p = 0.002), as was ΔVO2 (median T 32.63 vs. S 24.75 mL Kg-1 min-1, p=0.002). The time constant was not significantly different between groups (median T, 31.75 vs. S, 37.00 seconds, p = 0.240) nor was the O2 cost (median T, 0.20 vs. S 0.22 mL Kg-1.min-1, p = 0.485), or the O2 deficit (median T 17.30 vs. S 14.46 mL Kg-1, p = 0.132).Abstract P-92 Figure 1O2 deficit and τ in trained and sedentary subjectsAbstract P-92 Figure 2Representation of O2 deficit in one trained and one sedentary subjectDiscussionGiven that trained individuals performed CWR exercise at higher work rates and attained greater ΔVO2 than those in the sedentary group, and that τ was not significantly different between groups, we were also expecting differences in the O2 deficit.However, at this normalized exercise intensity, the O2 deficit was not significantly different between groups. This is due to bigger τ values in the sedentary group, that despite not being significantly different, once multiplied by the ΔVO2, elicited similar O2 deficit.ConclusionOur data suggests that individuals with different aerobic capacities, performing normalized CWR exercise, develop similar O2 deficit
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