Antecedentes: Existen pocos estudios descriptivos sobre las causas de internación de los pacientes con vasculitis asociadas a ANCA (VAA), todos son retrospectivos y realizados en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Objetivo: Investigar la epidemiología, los hallazgos clínicos y la evolución de los pacientes con VAA durante su internación, e identificar los factores pronósticos asociados a mortalidad. Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron los pacientes con diagnóstico de VAA internados en el Hospital Juan A. Fernández y la Clínica San Camilo (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina), entre el 1 de enero de 2011 y el 31 de diciembre de 2013. Resultados: Treinta y cuatro pacientes fueron incluidos, 18 (53%) de sexo femenino. Edad media de 60 ± 12 años. En 9 (26%) pacientes el diagnóstico de VAA se realizó en la internación. La Poliangeítis Microscópica (MPA) fue la vasculitis más común (50%). Dieciocho (53%) pacientes se internaron por actividad clínica de la vasculitis. Órganos/sistemas afectados: pulmón (n=9), riñón (n=6), otorrinolaringológicas (n=5), sistema nervioso periférico (n=5) y piel (n=2). Ocho (23,5%) pacientes fueron admitidos por complicaciones infecciosas y ocho por otras causas. Fallecieron 8 (23,5%) pacientes, 3 debido a actividad de la vasculitis, 4 debido a complicaciones infecciosas y 1 por falla multiorgánica (2º infusión pamidronato). Los que ingresaron a UCI tuvieron mayor mortalidad (p=0,001); el sexo (p=0,69), la edad (p=0,15), el diagnóstico “de novo” de vasculitis (p=0,4), el BVAS y VDI no mostraron diferencias entre los sobrevivientes y fallecidos. La mortalidad de los pacientes que ingresaron por actividad de la vasculitis comparado con los que ingresaron por complicaciones infecciosas fue similar (p=0,6). Conclusiones: La causa más frecuente de internación en pacientes con VAA fue la actividad de la enfermedad, seguida por las causas infecciosas. La mortalidad fue elevada y su principal causa fueron las infecciones independientemente del diagnóstico al ingreso.
We investigated the relationship between the 4G/5G plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and -308 A/G tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) polymorphisms and the clinical and biochemical features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in an Argentinean patient cohort. A total of 402 patients were studied, including 179 SLE patients and 223 healthy individuals. PCR-RLFP was used to determine the genotypes of the 4G/5G PAI-1 and -308 A/G TNF-α polymorphisms. SLE patients with lupus nephritis (LN) (n = 86) were compared with patients without LN (n = 93). Additionally, LN patients were divided into proliferative LN and non-proliferative LN groups according to the results of the renal biopsies. No significant differences were noted in the genotype distributions or allele frequencies of these TNF-α and PAI-1 polymorphisms between SLE patients and controls. There were higher numbers of criteria for SLE, more lupus flares and higher damage scores in LN patients, but there were similar frequencies of anti-phospholipid antibody (APA) positivity and anti-phospholipid syndrome. No significant difference was noted for any studied variable between the proliferative LN and non-proliferative LN groups except for the presence of APA. We found no significant differences in the TNF-α and PAI-1 genotype distributions or allele frequencies between groups. We found that the -308 A/G TNF-α and 4G/5G PAI-1 polymorphisms are not associated with susceptibility to SLE in an Argentinean population. We also did not find any association between the presence of any specific allele or genotype and the development of LN in SLE patients. Finally, no association was noted between either of the two polymorphisms and the severity of renal disease.
Objective The objective is to describe the main characteristics of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Argentina and to examine the influence of ethnicity on the expression of the disease. Patients and methods RELESSAR is a multicentre register carried out by 106 researchers from 67 rheumatologic Argentine centres. It is a cross-sectional study of SLE (1982/1997 ACR) patients. RELESSAR electronic database includes demographic, cumulative SLE manifestations, SELENA-SLEDAI, SLICC-SDI, Katz’s severity and Charlson’s comorbidity indexes and treatment patterns. Results We included 1,610 patients, 91.7% were female with a median age at diagnosis of 28.1 ± 12.8; 96.2% met ≥4 ACR 1982/97 criteria. Frequent manifestations were arthritis (83.5%), malar rash (79.5%), photosensitivity (75.3%), haematological (63.8%) and renal disease (47.4%), antinuclear antibodies (96%), anti-dsDNA (66.5%) and anti-Smith antibodies (29%). The mean Selena-SLEDAI score at last visit was 3.18 (SD 4.3) and mean SDI was 1 (SD 1.3). The accumulated treatments most frequently used were antimalarials (90.4%), corticosteroids (90%), azathioprine (31.8%), intravenous cyclophosphamide (30.2%), mycophenolate mofetil or mycophenolic acid (24.5%), methotrexate (19.3%), belimumab 5.3% and rituximab 5.1%. Refractory lupus was diagnosed in 9.3% of the cases. The main causes of death were lupus activity (25.0%), activity and concomitant infections (25.0%), infections (18.2%), vascular disease (13.6%) and cancer (4.5%). Mortality was associated with higher SLEDAI, Katz, damage indexes and comorbidities. Of the 1610 patients included, 44.6% were Caucasian, 44.5% Mestizo, 8.1% Amerindian and 1.2% Afro-Latin American. Mestizo patients had higher male representation, low socioeconomic status, more inadequate medical coverage, fewer formal years of education and shorter disease duration. Polyadenopathies and Raynaud’s phenomenon were more frequent in Caucasians. In the logistic regression analysis higher damage index (OR 1.28, CI 95% 1.02–1.61, p = 0.03) remained associated to mestizo ethnicity. Conclusions This study represents the largest number of adult patients with SLE studied in Argentina. Caucasian patients were differentiated by having Raynaud’s phenomenon and polyadenopathy more frequently, while patients of Mestizo origin had higher damage indexes.
The present series demonstrated that Argentinean patients have similar demographics, clinical manifestations, and outcomes as the cohorts from the northern hemisphere. There was less granulomatous organ involvement (ear/nose/throat, lung granulomas) in the present cohort compared with other series.
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