Growing cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in an agroforestry system generates a productive use of the land, preserves the best conditions for physical, chemical and biological properties of tropical soils, and plays an important role in improving cacao production and fertility of degraded tropical soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of two long term agroforestry systems of cacao management on soil physical and chemical properties in an area originally inhabited by 30 years old native secondary forest (SF). The two agroforestry systems adapted were: improved natural agroforestry system (INAS) where trees without economic value were selectively removed to provide 50% shade and improved traditional agroforestry system (ITAS) where all native trees were cut and burnt in the location. For evaluation of the changes of soil physical and chemical properties with time due to the imposed cacao management systems, plots of 10 cacao genotypes (ICS95, UF613, CCN51, ICT1112, ICT1026, ICT2162, ICT2171, ICT2142, H35, U30) and one plot with a spontaneous hybrid were selected. Soil samples were taken at 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm depths before the installation of the management systems (2004), and then followed at two years intervals. Bulk density, porosity, field capacity and wilting point varied significantly during the years of assessment in the different soil depths and under the systems assessed. Soil pH, CEC, exchangeable Mg and sum of the bases were higher in the INAS than the ITAS. In both systems, SOM, Ext. P, K and Fe, exch. K, Mg and Al+H decreased with years of cultivation; these changes were more evident in the 0-20 cm soil depth. Overall improvement of SOM and soil nutrient status was much higher in the ITAS than INAS. The levels of physical and chemical properties of soil under cacao genotypes showed a marked difference in both systems.
ResumenEl estudio se llevó a cabo en la provincia de La Convención, Cusco -Perú, en la región geográfica de selva alta conocida como Alto Urubamba. Tiene como objetivo evaluar las características prediales y medir la sustentabilidad de fincas a través de indicadores adaptados al lugar. Se recogió información de campo tanto en términos biofísicos y socio-económicos y se analizó en variables seleccionadas, a partir de una base de datos aplicando programas como SPSS, MINITAB y Análisis Cluster. Los resultados muestran que el área promedio de las fincas es de 12.38 ha, la producción en la región es diversificada con un patrón de cultivos prevalentes como el café, cacao, té, coca y frutales tropicales para la venta, junto a cultivos anuales y crianzas para el autoconsumo. La economía de los agricultores es crítica, el ingreso económico promedio en la zona está por debajo de los índices oficiales. Hay problemas ecológicos como quemas e incendios forestales (21.7%), deforestación (15.1%) y sequías prolongadas (15.1%). La presión de uso sobre la tierra es moderada, los sistemas productivos de subsistencia representan el 46.2 % y los semi intensivos para la venta 53.8 %. La evaluación de sustentabilidad califica como sustentables a las fincas con cultivos de mango (2.87), cacao (2.82), plátano (2.80), cítricos (2.63), papaya (2.57) y como no sustentables a las fincas con té y coca, por no haber alcanzado valores mínimos (2). Palabras clave: caracterización de fincas, selva alta, cultivos prevalentes, evaluación de sustentabilidad, sistemas de cultivo, sistemas de producción.
El trabajo se realizó en Manglaralto y Colonche en Santa Elena (Ecuador), con el objetivo de caracterizar las fincas productoras de limón. Se trabajó con las comunas presentes en las dos localidades, con una población de 500 productores de la que se tomó una muestra (n=86), se realizó una encuesta la que tenía preguntas relacionadas con componentes de aspectos técnicos y socio-económicos de la finca. Los resultados indican que las fincas limoneras son muy complejas, que las familias tienen una alta dependencia de este cultivo; Un grupo representativo de agricultores tienen otro tipos de cultivo dentro de la misma finca, lo permite que exista un poco más de ingresos económico para la familia; se encontró que un grupo posee monocultivos haciendo más vulnerable la estabilidad económica, ya que solo dependen de los ingresos por la venta de limón, el mismo que tiene variaciones de precios en el año. Se encontró que hay un déficit importante en las vías de comercialización en la zona bajo estudio. El análisis de conglomerado por el Método de Ward con una distancia Euclideania Cuadrada de 900, aglomeró las fincas en cuatro grupos. Uno de los grupos estuvo conformado por las fincas número: 40, 50,51, 52, 53, 54, 65, 70, 77, 82 y 86 , este grupo de finca tienen varias variables similares es decir, utilizan el mismo patrón, similar rendimiento y las fincas están asociadas con hortalizas. AbstractThis research was carried out to characterize lemon farms located at the province of Santa Elena (Ecuador). We worked with the Lemon Producers Association of Manglaralto and Colonche which has a population of 500 farmers from which a sample (n=86) was taken to conduct a survey which included technical and socio-economic questions related to lemon farming. Results showed that lemon farms are very complex, that families have a high dependence on the cultivation of lemon; A representative farmers with other types of crops within the same building group, which means that there is a little economic family income; It found that a group have economic stability monocultures doing more vulnerable because only rely on income from the sale of lemon, the same as that price changes in the year. It was found that there is a major gap in the marketing channels in the area under study. The cluster analysis using Ward's method and a distance of 900 Euclidean Square, grouped farms into four groups. One group consisted of farms number: 40, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 65, 70, 77, 82 and 86, this group of farm have similar variables, using the same pattern, similar yields and farms are associated with vegetables.
This work was carried out with the objective to determine the sustainability of cocoa farms in the district of Huicungo (San Martín, Perú) by using the "Rapid Agroecological Method". The study was conducted in the San Martín region, province of Mariscal Cáceres, district of Huicungo. The zone has an annual precipitation of 1, 200 mm and an annual temperature of 30ºC. For the sustainability analysis, we selected "type farms" from each of the three groups found in the area. In each of these, indicators of soil quality and crop health were evaluated using values ranging from 1 to 10 (1: less sustainable, 10: more sustainable). With the collected data, Duncan Test (p ≤ 0.05) was performed to determine the statistical differences between the "type farms". Results showed the evaluated cacao farms had values greater than five, therefore, they are sustainable. There were no statistical differences between the three "type farms" studied here.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.