El presente articulo constituye una revisión bibliogrifica, cuyo objetivo fue identificar las necesidades de innovación en las organizaciones en un contexto lleno de incertidumbre y cambios acelerados. La metodologia consistió, inicialmente, en una revisión de la teoria y el disefio organizacional, para luego establecer las necesidades de cambio requeridas por una organización que aprende. A partir de esto, se plantea la necesidad de identificar y generar oportunidades de innovación en los conocimientos que se presentan dentro y fuera de la organización. El resultado obtenido fue la construcción de un Modelo Conceptual de la Gestión del Conocimiento. El trabajo se cierra con una discusión en la que se asume a la gestión del conocimiento como una herramienta para la innovación y el cambio incremental en las organizaciones. Se concluyó que las organizaciones deben favorecer la acción innovadora y entenderla como fuente de ventajas competitivas sostenibles ante las condiciones y requerimientos de los entornos socioeconómicos del mundo actual. ABSTRACTThis paper is a literature review, which aims to identify, from an analytical perspective, the need for innovation in organizations, arising from a full of uncertainty and rapidly changing context. The methodology consisted of a review of the theory and organizational design to establish needs change requiring a learning organization, then identify opportunities for innovation in the knowledge that flow inside and outside the organization. It closes with a discussion in which it is presented to the management of knowledge as a tool for innovation and incremental change in organizations. The result was the construction of a Conceptual Model of Knowledge Management. It concludes by identifying the needs of organizational structures in a planned, supportive of innovative action and preponderates as a source of sustainable competitive advantage, to know and understand the conditions and requirements of socio-economic environments of today.
Mexico is one of the countries with the highest levels of biodiversity in the world. Baja California South (BCS) is the Mexican state with the highest proportion of Natural Protected Areas (NPA) in its territory, the longest coastal line, and although has the lowest population density, has a highest annual population growth rate with a huge pressure from tourist development. NPA constitute fundamental instruments in the enforcement of environmental policies, essential to preserve biodiversity and are also an important engine for sustainable development. In this context the evolution of two coastal systems with almost the same age in BCS as a NPA, was analysed. The Pulmo Cape Coral Reef Area has been a rich source for many types of fishing-related activities for more than a century. Within the first three years of the study, a significant decline in the coverage of the coral reef and in the density of the fish and invertebrates was noticed, caused by the activities of the tourism and local population of the area. The NPA was officially declared in 1995, and, up to now, the sustainable development objectives were reached, improving the quality of life of the local people and the environmental health of the reef ecosystem. The San Jose Estuary coastal wetland, located less than 100km south to Pulmo Cape, was used for centuries by the local population and tourism. Their protection as an NPA was established in 1994. Results to date show a high environmental deterioration with increasing vulnerability in the last decade. The polygon of the NPA has changed 4 times in 20 years, their secular geomorphology has been reduced by more than 40% by the unplanned tourism development, initiating a big environmental deterioration that threatens the sustainable development of the contiguous population of San José del Cabo. The evaluation presents the description of these NPA, and elaborates on their importance, their major perceived challenges, and finally with an evaluation, are suggested the most favourable panoramas for the sustainable development.
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