This research explores the role of the tourism sector in Indonesia, including its backward and forward linkages with other economic sectors. The tourism sector is represented by the hotel and restaurant (hospitality) industry. The study uses the input-output method and traces the econometric backward and forward shocks of the tourism sector with the Error Correction Model (ECM), using database from Statistics Indonesia from 2010 to 2019. The paper contributes to the existing literature by using multi-stage quantitative processes to observe backward and forward economic linkages. The result shows that manufacturing output contributes a significant and positive effect to the hotel and restaurant industry. At the same time, the tourism sector provides a significant and positive contribution to government retribution. Nonetheless, there is a negative relationship between the growth of the agriculture and tourism sector, which is assumed due to the tradeoff in the factor of production between the agricultural and tourism sector development. Consequently, backward and forward relationships suggest more holistic and prudent economic policies for observing interdependent tourism development in Indonesia's other economic sectors. ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah menginvestigasi keterkaitan ke belakang dan ke depan antara sektor pariwisata dan sektor ekonomi lain di Indonesia. Pariwisata di sini di wakili sektor perhotelan dan restoran. Studi ini menggunakan metode input-output dengan data berasal dari database input output Bank Pembangunan Asia (ADB). Kedua, studi menelusuri  keterkaitan ekonometrik ke depan dan ke belakang pariwisata dengan model koreksi kesalahan (ECM), menggunakan data triwulan dari PDB riil di database BPS dari tahun 2010 hingga 2019. Kontribusi makalah ini adalah proses multi-asesment untuk mengamati keterkaitan ekonomi ke belakang dan ke depan antara pariwisata dengan sektor ekonomi lainnya. Dari ekonometri tersebut, diketahui bahwa kontribusi output industry manufaktur berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap industri hotel dan restoran. Selain itu, pariwisata memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan dan positif untuk retribusi pemerintah. Meskipun demikian, peningkatan output pariwisata datang dengan pengorbanan pengurangan output sektor pertanian. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh kompetisi akses faktor produksi di antara kedua sektor tersebut. Hasil ini  menekankan perlunya kebijakan ekonomi yang lebih holistik dan hati-hati terhadap saling ketergantungan antara pembangunan pariwisata dengan sektor ekonomi lain di Indonesia.

The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship of each dimension of Service Quality to Customer Satisfaction and Customer Trust, Customer Satisfaction to Customer Trust and Customer Loyalty, and Customer Trust to Customer Loyalty. The sampling is selected on the basis of random sampling from Jakarta Millennial generation, below 31 years old, that use online transaction. The questionnaire was distributed in 2017 to that Jakarta Millennial respondents on the basis of random sampling selection. This study uses Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modelling, and the variable is adopted by the previous study to see that relationship. The research finds that Website Design, Responsiveness, and Assurance has signiicant effect to Customer Satisfaction, Customization and Assurance has significant effect to Customer Trust, Customer Satisfaction has significant effect to Customer Trust and Customer Loyalty, and Customer Trust has significant effect to Customer Loyalty. This study recommends equal proportion of business efforts between the service delivery and customize technology to retain their customer loyalty, since the results underscore the importance of both technical and service delivery aspects.

Studies have shown that internal whistleblowing is an effective way to reduce unethical behavior and fraud risk in organizations. This study aims to empirically examine the mediating effects of affective trust and moral courage on the relationship between authentic leadership and employees internal whistleblowing intention. A convenience sampling method was utilized because the respondents were specific and there was no available public information about them. The survey was sent online to respondents who worked in a private company in Indonesia that applied a whistleblowing policy. One hundred sixty-three responses were analyzed by using SMART PLS 3. The findings suggest that both affective trust and moral courage improve the effects of authentic leadership on their employees intention to report fraud through internal channels. A leader with authentic attributes promotes employees' trust in their leader and improves their moral courage so they are more willing to report fraud to internal parties, including their leaders. Hence, this research demonstrates the significance of a good control environment in companies.Keywords: Affective trust; Authentic leadership; Internal whistleblowing intentions; Moral courage.Abstrak Studi telah menunjukkan bahwa pelaporan pelanggaran secara internal merupakan cara yang efektif untuk mengurangi perilaku tidak etis dan risiko kecurangan di dalam organasisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris pengaruh mediasi kepercayaan afektif dan keberanian moral terhadap hubungan antara kepemimpinan otentik dengan intensi pegawai melakukan pelaporan pelanggaran secara internal. Metode sampel convenience digunakan oleh karena responden yang spesifik dan ketiadaan informasi publik mengenai mereka. Survei dikirimkan secara online kepada responden yang bekerja di sebuah perusahaan swasta di Indonesia yang telah menerapkan kebijakan pelaporan pelanggaran. Seratus enam puluh tiga respon dianalisa dengan menggunakan SMART PLS 3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baik kepercayaan afektif maupun keberanian moral meningkatkan pengaruh kepemimpinan otentik terhadap untensi pegawai melaporkan kecurangan melalui jalur internal. Seorang pemimpin yang memiliki atribut otentik meningkatkan kepercayaan pegawai kepada pimpinan dan keberanian moral pegawai sehingga pegawai lebih mau melaporkan kecurangan kepada pihak-pihak internal, termasuk pimpinan mereka. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian menunjukkan pentingnya lingkungan pengendalian yang baik di dalam perusahaan.Katakunci: Intensi pelaporan pelanggaran secara internal; keberanian moral; kepercayaan afektif; kepemimpinan otentik.

This study aims to examine the mediating effect of affective and normative commitments in the relationship between ethical leadership, religiosity, and fraud in Indonesia government institutions. Using the cluster sampling method, data was collected through surveys with respondents were employees of government agencies in Indonesia. The survey obtained 111 responses and the data were analyzed using path analysis. The findings revealed that ethical leadership and intrinsic religiosity have a direct negative effect on employees’ legal fraud engagement. However, only ethical leadership that indirectly and negatively affects employees’ legal fraud through affective commitment. The normative commitment does not mediate the effect of intrinsic religiosity to legal fraud engagement. Hence, this study provides evidence on the importance of the control environment as well as the presence of ethical leaders in government institutions.

Purpose This study aims to investigate the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure on asymmetric information and return on investment (RoI) in Indonesia. The research specifically assesses the effects of CSR disclosure along with other independent variables such as total assets, return on equity, capital expenditures, net profit margin and sales growth on asymmetric information and RoI. Design/methodology/approach The study applied a panel econometric regression model to examine and test the effects of CSR disclosure and financial indicators on asymmetric information and RoI. A total of 275 samples were garnered from private and state-owned publicly listed companies selected in the SRI-Kehati index as sustainable firms in Indonesia from 2009 to 2019. Those listed companies in the SRI-Kehati index have market recognition and are able to maintain sustainability practices in their business doings. Asymmetric information was calculated by measuring the spread of market share prices. CSR disclosure was measured with global reporting initiative standards. Other variables did not require calculation. Findings This study discerns the significant influence of CSR disclosure on asymmetric information and RoI on the listed firms of the SRI-Kehati Index in Indonesia. To articulate, the more transparent CSR disclosure is, the asymmetric information should be lower. Besides that, more comprehensive CSR disclosure is associated with a better corporate return of investment. In scrutinizing the control variables, this research validates the significant influence of corporate assets and sales revenue on both dependent variables. Research limitations/implications This research has some limitations that require further research. First, the research was conducted in Indonesia. However, other Southeast Asian markets may have their own uniqueness. Therefore, further research is needed in other specific Southeast Asian countries. Second, the sampling bounds on the corporation which gained sustainable recognition in SRI-Kehati Index. Future studies can extend more observation by comparing SRI-Kehati index to firms, which are not listed in the index. Practical implications This study recommends better capital market monitoring and evaluation to improve the quality of the firms’ reports in both business and social aspects. By investing more in philanthropic and social activities, firms can signal the market credibility to their various external stakeholders on their market adjustment to changing external business environment. Social implications As for society, robust CSR disclosures will facilitate investors’ understanding of the conditions before making an investment in public listed companies. At the same time, companies issuing the disclosures are expected by society to perform responsibly, as illuminated in the report. As a result, the CSR disclosures will create a virtuous cycle of sustainability between the company and the society. Originality/value First, this research reinforces the global corporate governance concern to urge more corporate disclosures on firm performance in an Indonesian context. Second, this study fills the research gap on the association of CSR disclosure to asymmetric information in Indonesian literature. Third, the findings underpin the integration of social responsibility on the firms’ core business decision-makings to warrant business credibility to all firms’ stakeholders in Indonesia.