Residual ridge resorption combined with dimensional loss resulting from tooth extraction has a prolonged correlation with early excessive inflammation. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) decoy oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) is a member of a group of double-stranded DNA capable of downregulating the expression of downstream genes of the NF-κB pathway. The healing action of its embellished effect combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanospheres on tooth extraction socket still remains unknown. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of NF-κB decoy ODN-loaded PLGA nanospheres (PLGA-NfD) transfected into extraction sockets in Wistar/ST rats. Micro-computed tomography and trabecular bone analysis following treatment with PLGA-NfD demonstrated inhibition of vertical alveolar bone loss with increased bone volume, smoother trabecular bone surface, thicker trabecular bone, larger trabecular number and separation, and fewer bone porosities. Histomorphometric and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed reduced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-expressing osteoclasts, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand, turnover rate and increased transforming growth factor-β1 immunopositive reactions and relative gene expressions. These data demonstrate that local delivery of PLGA-NfD could be used as a substantial suppressor of inflammation during the healing process in a tooth extraction socket, with the potential of accelerated new bone formation.
Residual ridge resorption combined with dimensional loss resulting from tooth extraction has a prolonged correlation with early excessive inflammation. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are double-stranded DNA sequences capable of downregulating the expression of downstream genes of the NF-κB pathway, which is recognized for regulating prototypical proinflammatory signals, physiological bone metabolism, pathologic bone destruction, and bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of NF-κB decoy ODNs on the extraction sockets of Wistar/ST rats when delivered by poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanospheres. Microcomputed tomography and trabecular bone analysis following treatment with NF-κB decoy ODN-loaded PLGA nanospheres (PLGA-NfDs) demonstrated inhibition of vertical alveolar bone loss with increased bone volume, smoother trabecular bone surface, thicker trabecular bone, larger trabecular number and separation, and fewer bone porosities. Histomorphometric and reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed reduced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-expressing osteoclasts, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand, turnover rate, and increased transforming growth factor-β1 immunopositive reactions and relative gene expression. These data demonstrate that local NF-κB decoy ODN transfection via PLGA-NfD can be used to effectively suppress inflammation in a tooth-extraction socket during the healing process, with the potential to accelerate new bone formation.
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