NF-κB Decoy ODN-Loaded Poly lactic-co-glycolic Acid Nanospheres Inhibit Alveolar Ridge Resorption

Abstract

Residual ridge resorption combined with dimensional loss resulting from tooth extraction has a prolonged correlation with early excessive inflammation. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) decoy oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) is a member of a group of double-stranded DNA capable of downregulating the expression of downstream genes of the NF-κB pathway. The healing action of its embellished effect combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanospheres on tooth extraction socket still remains unknown. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of NF-κB decoy ODN-loaded PLGA nanospheres (PLGA-NfD) transfected into extraction sockets in Wistar/ST rats. Micro-computed tomography and trabecular bone analysis following treatment with PLGA-NfD demonstrated inhibition of vertical alveolar bone loss with increased bone volume, smoother trabecular bone surface, thicker trabecular bone, larger trabecular number and separation, and fewer bone porosities. Histomorphometric and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed reduced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-expressing osteoclasts, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand, turnover rate and increased transforming growth factor-β1 immunopositive reactions and relative gene expressions. These data demonstrate that local delivery of PLGA-NfD could be used as a substantial suppressor of inflammation during the healing process in a tooth extraction socket, with the potential of accelerated new bone formation.

Harnessing the Potential of PLGA Nanoparticles for Enhanced Bone Regeneration

“…This ligand exhibits the ability to entrap the NF-κB transcription factor, thereby effectively inhibiting its pro-inflammatory activity [93]. Huang et al showed that PLGA NPs modulated with NF-κB decoy can inhibit inflammation of the extracted tooth socket, which is triggered by exaggerated osteoclast activity, and also improve alveolar bone healing [94]. Another study displayed that curcumin-loaded PLGA NPs conjugated with folic acid are effective in targeting cancer cells expressing folate receptors, while in vivo they resulted in tumor size reduction in a mouse model [95].…”

Harnessing the Potential of PLGA Nanoparticles for Enhanced Bone Regeneration

“…This ligand exhibits the ability to entrap NF-κB transcription factor, thereby effectively inhibiting its pro-inflammatory activity [92]. Huang et al showed that PLGA NPs modulated with NF-κB decoy can inhibit inflammation of extracted tooth socket, which is triggered by exaggerated osteoclast activity, and also improve alveolar bone healing [93]. Another study displayed that curcumin-loaded PLGA NPs conjugated with folic acid are effective in targeting cancer cells expressing folate receptors, while in vivo they resulted in tumor size reduction in a mice model [94].…”