A cross-sectional study was carried out between January 2012 and May 2014 to investigate the status of bovine tuberculosis in the state of Espírito Santo. The state was divided into two regions, and in each of them, 300 farms with reproductive activity were randomly selected and considered as the primary sampling units. In the selected farms, a fixed number of female bovines aged over 2 years were randomly selected to undergo a comparative cervical tuberculin test; an epidemiologic questionnaire was also applied. In the state of Espírito Santo, the apparent prevalence of tuberculosis-positive farms was 7.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.7-9.9). Prevalence at the herd level varied from 4.6% (95% CI = 2.6-7.3) in region 1 to 11.1% (95% CI = 7.7-15.3) in region 2. The apparent prevalence of tuberculosis-positive animals was 0.7% (95% CI = 0.3-1.1) in the state, and the prevalence varied from 0.3% (95% CI = 0.2-0.6) in region 1 to 1.2% (95% CI = 0.3-2.9) in region 2. The risk factors associated with tuberculosis prevalence in Espírito Santo were the number of adult females ≥ 10 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.40; 95% CI = 1.17-5.31) and milking type (milking machine/milking parlor) (OR = 2.88; 95% CI = 1.36-5.86]). The state of Espírito Santo should set up a surveillance system to detect and control bovine tuberculosis, taking into account the importance of dairy farms and animal trade in the state. Key words: Bovine. Brazil. Espírito Santo. Prevalence. Risk fator. Tuberculosis. ResumoPara estimar a prevalência e os fatores de risco da tuberculose bovina no Estado do Espírito Santo (Brasil), foi realizado um estudo transversal entre janeiro de 2012 e maio de 2014. O estado foi dividido em duas regiões, e em cada uma foram amostradas aleatoriamente 300 fazendas com atividade reprodutiva, consideradas unidades primárias de amostragem. Nas propriedades selecionadas um número fixo de fêmeas bovinas acima de 2 anos de idade foram aleatoriamente selecionadas para realização do teste cervical comparativo; também foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico. No Estado do Espírito Santo a prevalência aparente de fazendas positivas para tuberculose foi de 7,6% (intervalo de confiança 95% [IC 95%] = 5,7-9,9). A prevalência de rebanhos positivos variou de 4,6% (IC 95% = 2,6-7,3) na região 1 a 11,1% (IC 95% = 7,7-15,3) na região 2. A prevalência aparente de animais positivos para tuberculose foi de 0,7% (IC 95% = 0,3-1,1) no estado, variando de 0,3% (IC 95% = 0,2-0,6) na região 1 a 1,2% (IC 95% = 0,3-2,9) na região 2. Os fatores de risco associados com a infecção por tuberculose no Espírito Santo foram: número de fêmeas adultas ≥ 10 (odds ratio [OR] = 2,40; IC 95% = 1,17-5,31) e tipo de ordenha (ordenhadeira mecânica/sala de ordenha) (OR = 2,88; IC 95% = 1,36-5,86). O estado do Espírito Santo deve implementar um sistema de vigilância para detectar e controlar a tuberculose bovina, levando em consideração a importância de propriedades leiteiras e comércio animal na epidemiologia da doença no estado. Palavras-chave: Bovina. Brasi...

A cross-sectional study was carried out between January 2012 and May 2014 to estimate the prevalence of bovine brucellosis in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. This study was carried out 11 years after the implementation of the immunization program for heifers with a vaccine derived from the S19 strain of Brucella abortus. The state was divided into two regions. Three hundred farms from each region, with reproductive activity, were randomly chosen and included as primary sample units. A fixed number of cows were randomly selected and tested for antibodies against Brucella spp. A farm was considered to be infected when at least one female tested positive for Brucella spp. In the selected farms, an epidemiological questionnaire based survey, focused on herd traits as well as husbandry and sanitary practices, was conducted, to evaluate the factors associated with the risk of infection. The overall prevalence of infected herds was 9.3% (95% confidence interval, 95% CI = 7.1-11.8%), varying from 8.7% (95% CI = 5.7-12.6%) in region 2 to 9.7% (95% CI = 6.8-13.4%) in region 1. There was no significant difference in the prevalence between the regions. The apparent prevalence of Brucella spp. positive farms across the regions and the state was similar to the prevalence observed 11 years earlier.The prevalence of positive animals was 3.8% (95% CI = 0.9-10.1%), varying from 1.5% (95% CI = 0.8-2.4%) in region 1 to 7.9% (95% CI = 1.9-20.3%) in region 2, without a significant difference between the regions. There was no difference in the number of Brucella spp. positive animals after 11 years of the immunization program. The risk factors associated with brucellosis were (i) more than 10 cows per herd (OR = 5.0; 95% CI =2.5-11.1) and (ii) equipment, feedstock, or personnel sharing (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.1-4.2). The state of Espírito Santo should seek systematic vaccination coverage targeting more than 80% of the eligible heifers. An efficient animal health program, which educates the farmers to test replacement animals for brucellosis before introducing them to their herds, to avoid equipment, personnel or feedstock sharing with farms of unknown sanitary conditions, and to increase awareness of the importance of good sanitary procedures during artificial insemination, should be implemented. Anzai, E. K. et al. ResumoPara estimar a prevalência e os fatores de risco da brucelose bovina no Estado do Espírito Santo (Brasil), foi realizado um estudo transversal entre janeiro de 2012 e maio de 2014. Esse estudo foi realizado 11 anos após a implementação de um programa de imunização em novilhas utilizando uma vacina derivada da estirpe S19 de Brucella abortus. O estado foi dividido em duas regiões. Trezentas propriedades com atividade reprodutiva foram aleatoriamente selecionadas em cada região e incluídas como unidades primárias de amostragem. Um número fixo de fêmeas adultas foi aleatoriamente selecionado em cada propriedade. Os animais foram testados para anticorpos contra Brucella spp. Um questionário epidemiológico foi ...

The inspection of qualified professionals is an important action of the National Programme for Control and Eradication of Animal Brucellosis and Tuberculosis (PNCEBT). The data for this study were obtained by compiling reports of 63 inspections in loco of qualified private veterinarians between 2008 and 2011 in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Through the findings of this study, it was observed that all inspected professionals are regularly registered in the CRMV-ES, nevertheless it was found pending issues regarding the registration to conduct vaccinations against brucellosis. It was observed that most professionals keep the infrastructure and equipment for conducting tuberculosis and brucellosis tests. The majority adopts the official models of certification, however there is a significant delay in sending reports of actions, and many professionals reported a lack of demand for certification of properties.