Using high pressure liquid chromatography, the cucumber cotyledon bioassay, and mass spectrometry a cytokinin isolated from Solaum tuberoswn L. cv. Katahdin plant tissues has been identified as cis-zeatin riboside. Zeatin riboside (ZR) levels in plants grown under inducing conditions (28 C day and 13 C night with a 10-hour photoperiod) were significantly higher than those in plants grown under noninducing conditions (30 C day and 28 C night with an 18-hour photoperiod). The highest level of ZR was noted in below-ground tissue after 4 days exposure to inducing conditions, with tuber initiation observed after 8 days. A companion study conducted to determine the effect of ZR on in vitro tuberization of noninduced rhizomes revealed that after 1 month in culture, controls exhibited 0% tuberization, while ZR treatments of 0.3 and 3.0 milligrams per liter showed 39 and 75% tuberization, respectively.The tuberization process in the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is thought to be controlled by environmental factors, mainly photoperiod and temperature, which regulate levels ofendogenous growth substances. Short days and cool night temperatures (inducing conditions) have been reported to favor tuberization while long days and high night temperatures delay or inhibit the process (9,13,28).Several workers (7,8,21) have suggested the existence of a tuber-forming stimulus which is formed in leaves under inducing conditions and translocated to below-ground tuberization sites.Other workers have demonstrated the movement of a tuber-forming stimulus from an induced scion through a graft union to below-ground rhizomes which subsequently tuberized (17,25).Although the exact nature of this tuber-forming stimulus remains unknown, it has been speculated that it may be similar to cytokinins (6). Similarly, Palmer and Smith (26) have demonstrated the requirement for cytokinins for in vitro tuberization of excised rhizomes. Results of this laboratory (11,12,18) have supported the theory that the tuberizing factor may be cytokininlike in nature, in that total cytokinin activity was significantly higher in induced than noninduced plants. Two 'To whom reprint requests should be sent.In an attempt to elucidate the structure of potato cytokinins, Anstis and Northcote (1) reported isolating a compound which co-chromatographed with ZR.5 Recently, Van Staden (31) found an N-6-substituted adenyl compound in potato tissue using MS. Accordingly, the objectives of the present study were 2-fold: first, to attempt to isolate and identify the major cytokinin in Katahdin potato tissues; and second, to measure levels of this cytokinin in the plant in an effort to ascertain its possible role in the tuberization process.MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant Tissue. Plant material used in this study was obtained by planting tubers of S. tuberosum L. cv. Katahdin in flats of moist Perlite. Tubers were incubated in a growth chamber adjusted to 28 C day and 25 C night with a 16-hr photoperiod. Growth chambers provided a light intensity of 660 ft-c at pot level. ...
‘Katahdin’ potato plants (Solatium tuberosum L.) were grown under inducing (26 °C day −12 °C night with an 8-h photoperiod) and non-inducing (28 °C day −25 °C night with a 16-h photoperiod) conditions. Apical, medial, and basal nodal stem segments from each plant harvested were surface sterilized and aseptically transferred to culture flasks containing Murashige and Skoog's medium with and without kinetin. After culturing in dark for 4 weeks at 24 °C, percentage tuberization of segments from induced plants was significantly greater than for non-induced segments. Addition of kinetin to the culture medium eliminated this effect of induction. Apical segments from induced plants tuberized more frequently than those from non-induced plants and those from lower on stem. Addition of kinetin eliminated this stem position effect. Percentage elongation was significantly greater in segments from non-induced than induced plants. Addition of kinetin reduced percentage elongation in non-induced segments to that for induced segments. Percentage elongation was greatest in apical segments from non-induced plants and this position effect could be eliminated by addition of kinetin.
Using the cucumber cotyledon bioassay, in combination with paper and column chromatographic techniques, 4 compounds exhibiting cytokinin activity were detected in extracts of Katahdin potato plant tissues. Two of these compounds were significantly higher in plants grown under inducing conditions (26°C day and 12°C night with an 8‐h photoperiod) than those grown under non‐inducing conditions (28°C day and 25°C night with a 16‐h photoperiod). One compound increased 10‐fold in above‐ground tissue after only 2 Inductive cycles. Both compounds reached their maximum values in below‐ground tissue after 6 days under inducing conditions, with tuber initiation observed after 8 to 10 days.
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