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The findings are consistent with reports of striatal enlargement in previously medicated patients and size increases after neuroleptic treatment. Never-medicated patients, in contrast, had ventral striatal structures that were smaller and less active than those observed in controls and previously medicated patients.

The data closely approximate those of Chervin et al, where 80% had RDI > 5. The relationship sleep apnea has in the perpetuation or precipitation of cluster headache is still to be determined. There are some reports that treatment stops the cluster but there is no prospective study. The high incidence (80.64%) seen in this population suggests the cluster patient should receive a sleep evaluation and perhaps intervention with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or an appropriate dental device.

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “Ecstasy”) is a potent psychedelic drug inducing euphoria and hyper-sociability in humans, as well as hyperactivity and anxiety in rodents. Adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) have become a widely used species in neurobehavioral research. Here, we explore the effects of a wide range (0.25–120 mg/L) of acute MDMA doses on zebrafish behavior in the novel tank test. While MDMA was inactive at lower doses (0.25–10 mg/L), higher doses reduced bottom swimming and immobility (40–120 mg/L) and impaired intra-session habituation (10–120 mg/L). MDMA also elevated brain c-fos expression, collectively confirming the utility of zebrafish models for screening of hallucinogenic compounds.

Objectives/Hypothesis Ear fullness and pressure is a common complaint seen in otolaryngology clinics and frequently is attributed to eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD). In addition to traditional tympanometry and physical examination, the seven‐item Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ‐7) has recently been used to aid in the diagnosis of ETD and to assess its severity. Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD) is a common condition that causes similar symptoms to ETD and has been recognized as a potential confounding condition in patients presenting with ETD symptoms. We sought to determine the cross‐sectional prevalence of ETD symptoms in patients with TMJD using the ETDQ‐7. Study Design Prospective cross‐sectional analysis. Methods An analysis was performed of ETDQ‐7 scores in patients diagnosed with TMJD. Results A total of 21 patients with confirmed TMJD completed the ETDQ‐7 at routine consult or follow‐up for their TMJD. The mean ± standard deviation ETDQ‐7 score for the cohort was 24.5 ± 12.5. Two‐thirds of patients had an ETDQ‐7 score of >14.5, which has been used in the literature to denote clinically significant ETD. No single question was scored significantly higher than the others. Conclusions Symptoms of ETD are highly prevalent among patients with TMJD determined by patient‐reported outcome measures. It is not clear if these symptoms reflect true derangement of eustachian tube function in these patients or whether there is only clinical similarity between ETD and TMJD. However, future research efforts may resolve this dilemma. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 130:E233–E236, 2020