Meloidogyne enterolobii has severely compromised the main guava producing regions in Brazil, thereby stimulating the development of resistant varieties for efficient management of this nematode. This study aimed to assess the penetration, development, reproduction, and induced cellular responses of M. enterolobii in roots of four species of the genus Psidium (P. guajava‘Paluma’, P. guineense, P. cattleyanum, and P. friedrichstalianum) from the Active Germplasm Bank (BAG) of the Center for Agricultural Research of the Semi-arid Tropics (Embrapa Semi-arid) located in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. Three experiments were carried out to assess the penetration, development, and reproduction of the nematode and, subsequently, histological analyses were performed. Nematode penetrated indistinctly in both resistant and susceptible species, but only in ‘Paluma’ an evolution was observed from vermiform juveniles to “sausage” and globose forms in experiment 1. In experiment 2, all species presented “sausage” forms of nematode, but only in ‘Paluma’, these forms reached adult female stages. In experiment 3, only ‘Paluma’ was susceptible to M. enterolobii, with reproduction factor above unity. Histological analyses showed that, except for P. guajava, the other Psidium species presented poorly developed feeding sites at 20 days after inoculation.
The guava decline, a complex disease caused by the interaction between Meloidogyne enterolobii and Fusarium solani, has caused damage to production and unviable guava producing areas in the Lower Basin of the São Francisco Valley. The management of this disease is difficult due to the facts that cultivated plants are susceptible to nematodes, nematicides have no effective control, and the use of fungicides to control Fusarium still has not been evaluated. However, some Psidium genotypes, such as the araçazeiros, show resistance to the nematodes, and therefore decline resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction between genotypes of Psidium spp. and M. enterolobii to identify resistant plants. Three araçazeiro genotypes from the states of São Paulo and Paraná were artificially inoculated with M. enterolobii and compared with the species P. guajava cultivar Paluma, which is a commercial cultivar susceptible to root-knot nematode. All araçazeiro genotypes evaluated were resistant to the disease, with low reproduction factor (0.000 to 0.004) compared to cultivar Paluma (FR = 1,610). These results demonstrate that the araçazeiro genotypes have the potential to be used in the development of rootstocks resistant to guava decline.
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