In this study using a panel of anticytokeratin antibodies and an indirect immunoperoxidase method, we examined cervical squamous epithelia including mature stratified epithelium, immature squamous metaplasia, CIN 1, 2 and 3, wart virus infection and squamous carcinoma. Changes from the normal patterns of staining were inconsistently seen in CIN 1 and 2, but in CIN 3 the changes were more marked, and consisted of a loss of stratification of the staining pattern and a patchy reduction in staining. Invasive carcinomas showed a similar staining pattern to CIN 3 lesions.

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The aims of the present study were to determine uterine, vaginal and placental blood flows by Doppler ultrasound cross‐buffalo gestation and to evaluate the relationships among reproductive Doppler parameters and serum metabolic parameters as well as oxidative stress. Uterine (UA) and vaginal (VA) arteries were scanned every month, and placentome was scanned from month 4 till 8 in gestation. Time‐averaged maximum velocity (TAMV), pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), systolic/diastolic ratio (SD) and arterial diameter (AD) were used for accessing UA and VA hemodynamics. Time‐averaged maximum velocity positively correlated with and AD, and both negatively correlated with their PI, RI and SD in UA and VA. TAMV and AD increased constantly in pregnancy, with maximum increase in months 4 and 9. Pulsatility index, RI and AD of UA decreased between months 4 and 9, while PI, RI and AD of VA decreased between months 5 and 9 and then increased in month 10 in pregnancy. Time‐averaged maximum velocity of placentome blood flow increased exponentially from months 4 to 8, but decreased at the last two months in pregnancy. Serum lipids were significantly higher in the first month compared to all other months, while glucose was significantly lower in months 9 and 10. Malondialdehyde increased from month 3 till term, but peaked in month 5 and 10. Glutathione and catalase were highest in the first month and remained after. Time‐averaged maximum velocity and AD for both UA and VA negatively correlated with serum lipids, glucose, catalase and glutathione, while positively correlated with malondialdehyde and total protein. Thus, increases in uterine blood flow (UtBF), vaginal blood flow (VaBF) and placental blood flow (PaBF) are associated with increased metabolism and oxidative stress in buffalo pregnancy.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a serious health problem, and the most popular therapeutic strategy for OP is hormone replacement (estrogen); however, it increases the risk of reproductive cancers. Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles have a similar chemical structure to the bone mineral component and can be used as a new remedy for OP. This study was designed to investigate the osteoporosis-protective potential of nano zinc hydroxyapatite (ZnHA-NPs) and/or estradiol (E2) combined therapy. A total of 35 adult female rats were assigned into five groups (n = 7): 1) control group; 2) ovariectomized group (OVX); 3) OVX received oral estradiol replacement therapy (OVX/E2); 4) OVX received ZnHA replacement therapy (OVX/ZnHA); and 5) OVX received both estradiol and ZnHA-NPs combined therapy (OVX/E2+ZnHA). After 3 months of treatment, serum bone markers and estrogen level, oxidative/antioxidant, and inflammatory cytokines were determined. Additionally, femoral expression of estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ESR1; ESR2), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANKL) ligand, osteoprotegerin (OPG), bone mineral density (BMD), histological alterations, and immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were assessed. ALP, PINP, Ca, and P concentrations improved significantly (p < 0.05) in all treatment groups, especially in the OVX/E + ZnHA group. MDA and NO were higher in OVX rats, while SOD activity and GSH were lower (p < 0.05). E2 alone or with ZnHA-NPs restored the estimated antioxidant molecules and cytokines toward normal levels in OVX rats (p < 0.05). On the other hand, E2 and ZnHA increased OPG and OC expression in femurs while decreasing ESR1, ESR2, and NF-kB expression (p < 0.05). The combination treatment was superior in the restoration of normal femoral histoarchitecture and both cortical and trabecular BMD (p < 0.05). Overall, the combined therapy of OVX/E2+ZnHA was more effective than the individual treatments in attenuating excessive bone turnover and preventing osteoporosis.

Background Many encouraging studies confirmed the ability of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnONPs) in accelerating bone growth and mineralization. The use of Platelet Rich-Fibrin (PRF) as a sole filling material for large segmental bone defects remains questionable. The objectives are to investigate the regenerative efficacy of autologous Platelet Rich-Fibrin (PRF) and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnONPs) in repairing large segmental bone ulnar defects in a randomized controlled study in rabbits using computed tomographic interpretations. A 12 mm critical size defect was surgically induced in the ulna of 30 rabbits (n = 10/ group). In the control group, the defect was left empty. In the PRF group, the defect is filled with PRF. In the PRF/ZnONPs group, the defect is filled with PRF that was inoculated with 0.1 ml of 0.2% ZnONPs. Radiologic healing capacity was evaluated at the first, second, and third postoperative months. Results Statistical analysis showed significant differences in the radiologic healing scores between the groups (P = 0.000–0.0001) at all-time points (P = 0.000–0.047) during the study. Conclusion Rabbits in the PRF/ZnONPs group showed the highest appreciable bone quality and quantity followed by the PRF group with high quantity but low bone quality meanwhile, rabbits in the control group showed minimal quantity but medium bone quality. Interestingly, the addition of ZnONPs to PRF can accelerate the healing of ulnar critical-size defects in rabbits.

This prospective study was designed to investigate the effects of maternal temperament on uterine blood flow, fetal heart rate, gestational length, and fetal birth weight in a goat experimental model. Based on the arena test, behavioral testing related to fear‐eliciting stimulus, goats were divided into nervous (n = 13) and calm (n = 11) groups. After mating, the perfusion of maternal uterine arteries (UTAs) and its related Doppler parameters, blood flow volume (BFV), time‐averaged mean velocity (TAMEANV), acceleration (Acce), and resistance impedance (S/D), were evaluated biweekly from week two until the end of pregnancy. Fetal heart rate (FHR) was investigated during the pregnancy in addition to the gestation length (GL) and fetal birth weight (FBW). The UTA‐BFV and TAMEANV, as well as Acce and S/D, were influenced by maternal temperament (p < .05). The FHR showed no significant changes between experimental animals of different temperaments (p = .81). Both GL and FBW were increased in calm rather than nervous goats (p < .05). These results indicated that the maternal nervous (temperament) have negative impacts on uterine artery Doppler indices, fetal growth, and gestational length in a goat experimental model.

This study was aimed to compare degree of osteoarthritic (OA) changes following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) performed by the use of either locking compression plates (LCP) or dynamic compression plates (DCP), following rupture of cranial cruciate ligament (CCLR) in dogs. Radiographic OA changes were evaluated in pre and post-operative radiographs of 36 stifles following TPLO using OA modified scale. Two groups were evaluated; first with CCLR operated with DCP plates, while the Second group corrected with LCP plates. Age, weight, pre- and post- operative TPA, required tibial plateau rotation, pre- and post- operative OA changes were evaluated and compared statistically using mean (m), standard deviation (SD), standard error of mean (SEM), Wilcoxon signed-rank test and t-test “paired and unpaired”. Statistical significance was set at p-value 0.05. Within 9 months following TPLO, second group stifles (DCP) were associated with increased OA mean more than first group (LCP) with highly significant difference (p-value ≤ 0.0001). In conclusion, LCP plates, as synthes clover- leaf LCP, were associated with less degree of OA changes in the long run follow up, while DCP TPLO, as Slocum plates, induced increased osteoarthritis progression in long term.

Objective: To detail an easy approach for surgical induction of obstructive cholestasis in a rat model. Additionally, to assess the role of serum and tissue biomarkers for determination of the extent of cholestasis induced hepatocellular injury and to quantify the apoptotic liver cell using fluorescein-labeled Annexin V. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Sixty-five healthy Male Sprague- Dawley rats weighing 268.18 ± 23.3 grams. Procedures: The rats were randomly allocated into two main groups: 1) sham group (SO; n= 15) and 2) bile duct ligation group (BL; n= 50). Three SO rats and 8 BL rats were euthanized at 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 post-surgery. Blood and liver samples were collected for serum and tissue biochemical analysis. Liver apoptosis was quantified using Annexin V, meanwhile liver fibrosis was quantified using both TNF-β and histological examination. Results: There was a tendency towards less complications and higher surgeon satisfaction when the common bile duct was approached by the stomach approach. Serum biochemical analysis revealed a significant time-dependent decreases in hepatic serum biomarkers (alanine aminotransferease, aspartate aminotransferase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, serum albumin, the concentration of total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin) after induced obstructive cholestasis (P = 0.01-0.001), whereas AST: ALT ratio conversely was elevated (p < 0.05 value). Flow cytometer analysis revealed time-dependent significant increase in the percent of apoptotic cells after BL (P < 0.001) and consequently the state of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde) was (P < 0.001). The antioxidant tissue markers (superoxide dismutase, Catalase and glutathione reductase) were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), meanwhile TNF-β, the fibrosis marker showed time dependent significant increases (P = 0.001). Conclusion and clinical relevance: Stomach approach provided an easy, fast and reliable procedure for induction of obstructive cholestasis in rats. Liver Annexin V and TGF-β were diagnostic tools in further apoptosis and fibrosis.