The modular multilevel converter with embedded batteries is a viable alternative in electric vehicle drive systems. This research investigates integrated charging of the embedded batteries in a three-phase converter from a single-phase source without any additional hardware requirements. Two phases of the converter are connected to the supply while the third converter leg is not connected. In a typical charging of the converter batteries, the batteries with a lower state of charge are prioritised. Then all batteries are balanced at an average global state of charge. This research proposes a new sorting algorithm of the converter batteries with an override capability to bypass any individual submodule if required. This bypassing capability is modulation method independent, thus can be integrated with any modulation method. Simulation results and a real-time emulation of the charging system validate the proposed control method and the override algorithm. In addition, an open-loop switching technique is integrated with a new nearest level control-based measurement method of the battery terminal voltage to estimate its initial state of charge. This measurement facilitates a reduced number of voltage sensors for hardware implementation. This method was simulated and validated by comparing the calculated and the measured values of the battery initial state of charge. Real-time emulation of the system utilising hardware-in-the-loop apparatus was carried out, which confirmed the developed control system functions as expected.
Abstract-This paper examines the reactive power control capability of doubly fed induction generator connecting to distribution grid with and without the inclusion of capacitor banks. The dynamic response characteristics of the wind power generator in the case of fault in the network to assure the secure and reliable operation of wind farm is presented. The stator-fluxoriented vector control principle is applied to build a model of the doubly fed induction generator in dq synchronous coordination system and the simulation software is employed to investigate its performance into distribution grid of eleven nodes.
This paper details a validated real-time emulation of a modular multilevel converter with integrated energy storage sub-modules. The real-time emulated system is implemented using MicroLabBox/ dSPACE. A validation is carried out by constructing and testing a prototype of the converter with a reduced number of voltage levels and integrated batteries. The real-time operation of the emulated converter is tested under a range of loading conditions and compared to the prototype. Emulated results closely match the physical prototype results. Based on this outcome, a converter that comprises a high number of sub-modules is emulated and investigated when connected to a large scale motor. This research provided a seamless extension of the model from a lower to a higher number of converter sub-modules with minor changes in the emulation structure, the basic control and the sorting algorithm. This is a novel real-time emulation of the converter that can be used for electric vehicle application using MicroLabBox/dSPACE.
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