The purpose of this study was to synthesize diaminated starch as a novel mucoadhesive polymer. Starch was tosylated and then reacted with ethylenediamine. The degree of amination was determined by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid assay. Properties of diaminated starch including solubility, cytotoxicity, swelling behavior, and mucoadhesion were compared to chitosan. Diaminated starch displayed 2083 ± 121.6 μmol of diamine substructures/g of polymer. At pH 6, diaminated starch exhibited a ζ potential of 6 mV, whereas it was close to zero in the case of unmodified starch. In addition, diaminated starch displayed water solubility over the entire pH range and minor cytotoxicity. The novel polymer showed pronounced swelling behavior in water increasing its initial weight 18-and 6-fold at pH 5 and 6, respectively. Moreover, diaminated starch exhibited 92-fold higher-mucoadhesivity properties than those of chitosan. According to these results, diaminated starch might be a promising novel excipient for the design of mucoadhesive formulations.
Biodegradable
polymers are largely employed in the biomedical field,
ranging from tissue regeneration to drug/vaccine delivery. The biodegradable
polymers are highly biocompatible and possess negligible toxicity.
In addition, biomaterial-based vaccines possess adjuvant properties,
thereby enhancing immune responses. This Review introduces the use
of different biodegradable polymers and their degradation mechanism.
Different kinds of vaccines, as well as the interaction between the
carriers with the immune system, then are highlighted. Natural and
synthetic biodegradable micro-/nanoplatforms, hydrogels, and scaffolds
for local or targeted and controlled vaccine release are subsequently
discussed.
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