Background: Meat and dairy products are important ingredients in Kazakhstan, although there are indications that high consumption of red and processed meat is associated with a risk of several non-communicable diseases and has an adverse impact on the environment. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary habits of young adults in Kazakhstan, particularly meat and fish consumption frequency among university students in five regions of Kazakhstan. Methods: The assessment of meat and fish consumption was based on the food frequency questionnaire. Region of residence, age, sex, weight, height and parental education were also self-reported. Results: Meat consumption among the participants was lower than recommended consumption of 1500 g per week in Kazakhstan but almost two-fold higher than the World Cancer Research Fund recommendations of 500 g per week. Approximately 24% of the participants reported to consume meat every day. Only 8.6% of the participants reported fish consumption in line with the recommendation of approximately 270 g per week in Kazakhstan. Meat and fish consumption was fairly homogeneous across regions and sex. Conclusion: The results from this study contribute to the relatively limited information on meat and fish consumption in Kazakhstan. Further knowledge on dietary habits and probably improved nutrition recommendations on meat consumption in Kazakhstan are needed to protect public health and the environment.

AIM: To evaluate iodine status in the population of Western Kazakhstan on the example of the Aktobe region according to data of urinary iodine concentrations. There were examined 2257 children aged from 7 to 12 years. Urinary iodine was carried out in 10% of schoolchildren by semiquantitative method under field conditions. According to the 30-cluster survey the prevalence of goiter in the region amounted to 42.71 ± 1,04%. The proportion of children with optimal urinary iodine concentrations is only 12.8%, more than 300 mcg/l - 57.82% of the children, more than 400 mcg/l was determined in 25.12% of the children. The high prevalence of goiter against the background of high rates of urinary iodine suggests the impact of other goitrogenic factors in the region.

The IRIS Kyrgyzstan 2020 represents further important step in moving IRIS into the virtual space (1, 2). The first full on-line course Kyrgyzstan 2020 digital was held on October 23-27, 2020, organized by the

Nuclear explosions, radiation accidents and tests at military training grounds cause technogenic pollution of soil, water, plants, which affect not only the environment, but also have a negative impact on human health. The purpose of the research was to study the environmental status and morbidity of the population of the territory of the former military test site "Emba-5". Generally accepted methods were used to research the content of radionuclides and heavy metals in soil, water and plant products. A retrospective analysis of the morbidity and mortality of the population of the Mugalzhar district (for the period of 1995-2018) was performed. Samples of soil, water and vegetation of the "Emba-5" site revealed an increased content of copper, presence of heavy metals (zinc, lead, manganese) and technogenic radionuclides (Cs-137 and Sr-90). The gamma background level of the Emba-5 test site is higher than the regional average. Since 2007, there has been an increase in the incidence of neoplasia, since 2010, the incidence of haemopathy and diseases of blood-forming organs, iron deficiency anaemia and diseases of the circulatory system. Since 2000, there has been an increase in mortality from diseases of the respiratory system and since 2011 – from the digestive system diseases.

AbstractSpecial attention is paid to healthy eating in order to promote the health of children and adolescents. Eating habits are formed in childhood, respectively, a child who has eaten unhealthy food, including fast food, is at additional risk of noncommunicable diseases. Fast food is convenient and made to meet the tastes of consumers through the use of salt, sugar and fat. In addition, some ingredients can cause salience and physiological reactions that contribute to weight gain.Improper nutrition of children and adolescents, non-compliance with the daily diet and the use of fast food products can lead to some diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, as well as bronchial asthma, some endocrinological diseases. Therefore, the purpose of our research work was to determine the frequency of fast food consumption by adolescents in Aktobe, Republic of Kazakhstan.The study was approved by the Local ethical Commission of the West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University of Aktobe, Republic of Kazakhstan (№2 from 30.01.2018). By applying the questionnaire of the method was conducted experimentally controlled studies. The study involved 209 adolescents aged 15–18 years. Factors such as age and health were controlled. The primary data were analyzed using the McNemar's test, the open responses were coded, and the data were analyzed using SPSS Statistical Version 25.36.8% of the respondents consume fast food a couple times a week, 48.8% consume it once a week, and the remaining 14.3% consume the mentioned food several times a month. Before buying food, it was found that those who took care of food's nutritional value were 47.8%, and 52.1% did not care about it. After having been informed of the dangers of fast food that the consumption of fast food leads to obesity, comparative differences were found in the results, respondents that answered “no” attained 5,26 %, p = 0.0001 (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]]: 40 [36,6–44,3]). Healthy education programme offered to the adolescents led to the comparative difference in previous data to 5.9% in respondents who liked fast food and intended to continue taking on p = 0.0001 (OR and 95% CI: 33,3 [31,9–36,2]). After having attended the seminar on healthy eating, the number of respondents who liked and intended to continue consuming French fries and chips were decreased to 3.17%, relative differences were obtained before retrieving data p = 0.0001 (OR and 95% CI: 20.0 [18, 6–22.9]).Teenagers quite often use fast food and the majority of respondents visit fast food cafes, without thinking that poor nutrition is one of the factors of noncommunicable diseases and obesity among teenagers.