Abstract:The rise of supermarkets in Indonesia since the end of the 1990s have been transforming the food retail sector and providing further market opportunities for small-scale farmers, in which most of Indonesia's farmer falls into this category. The aim of this paper is to examine the supermarket participation and its effect on the well-being of small-scale farmers. We compare the differences between participants and non-participants in supermarket channels in order to explore the constraints on supermarket participation. By applying a treatment effects model which allows capturing the possibility of selection bias, we examine the factors that determine farmers' participation as well as the effect on their income. The results show that younger farmers with higher levels of education, irrigated land, who have packaging equipment and storage facilities, and are located near paved roads, are more likely to participate in the supermarket channels. On the other hand, farmers who have sprayer equipment are more likely to participate in the traditional market channels. The effect analysis shows that small-scale farmer participation in the supermarket channels can boost their income.

Over the last few years, the global market of organic vegetables has grown. This is due to increased consumer concern regarding environmental and health issues, especially for food products. This study aims to examine factors that influence consumer behavior in purchasing organic vegetables. In this study, data were obtained from household surveys conducted in the Jabodetabek region (Greater Jakarta) from February to March 2015. Descriptive analysis, factor analysis, and a binary logit model were used to analyze the data. Subsequently, the results show that consumers with fewer family members and have a higher income, and are price tolerant, are more likely to purchase organic vegetables. Meanwhile, female consumers are less likely to buy organic vegetables. Another important finding is that positive attitude towards organic products, safety and health, environmental concerns, as well as degree of trust in organic attributes, are the determinants of organic vegetable purchasing among consumers. Therefore, based on the study results, the following recommendations are needed for organic vegetable development in Indonesia: (a) implementing an appropriate pricing strategy; (b) encouraging organic labeling and certification for vegetables; and (c) intensively promoting organic food with respect to consumers’ motives and concerns on health, safety, as well as environmental sustainability.

The Indonesian plywood industry began to rapidly develop in the 1980s, since the government stated a new policy regarding a ban on the export of wood logs in 1985. The industry has experienced rapid growth and structural change and played an important part in the Indonesian economy through a significant role as a gross domestic product, foreign exchange, government revenue, and employment contributor. The aims of this study are to analyze the current situation of Indonesian plywood consumption and to estimate the demand market of Indonesian plywood for the next five years in Japan. For the purposes of the study, data of the export of Indonesian plywood to sixteen countries over five years (2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012) and data of plywood exported to Japan over thirty one years was collected. To predict demand market of Indonesian plywood in Japan, the obtained data was analyzed by using an exponential smoothing model. Mean Absolute Percentage Error, Mean Squared Error and Mean Absolute Deviation are also used to calculate demand sales forecast accuracy. The results indicated that the future market of Indonesian plywood in Japan will remain fairly constant at the level of 1.09 million m 3 in 2013 until 2017. Japan is still the dominant market for Indonesian plywood.

The purpose of this study is to explore consumers' choice for vegetable market channels and to determine the factors which affect their choices. A survey involving 887 respondents was carried out in Jabodetabek area. This study found that the traditional retail formats (e.g., wet market, peddler, and kiosks aka warungs) were the favorable place for vegetable purchasing. The results of the multinomial logit model analysis suggests that consumers' retail format choice is determined by domicile, education level, income level, employment status of women, and purchase frequency. Moreover, other factors that influenced consumer choice is price, quality of product, safety concern, store attributes, easiness & availability, and brand & traceability information.

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Japanese fish production is currently affected by two major currents: population ageing and lack of young leaders. I found a solution to resolve this problem which is the closed circulatory culture system on land. There is actual abalone farm that conducting these system in OH Island, Yahatahama City, Ehime Prefecture, Japan. Although there are many benefits of using this system, competitive price could be a problem. Abalone imports rapidly increased over decade and has encroached upon the abalone market in Japan. Therefore cost reduction is the most important task.

Many Koreans regard abalone (Haliotus discus hannai) as a desirable luxury food because of its limited availability and high price. Abalone aquaculture was developed during the late 2000s, and production has greatly increased in Korea, reaching 9,147 tons in 2014. Policy experts said this trend means many fishers who cultivate abalone could increase their income. However, their incomes had not increased since fishers started cultivating abalone, because a conventional “addition” was applied to abalone transactions. The distribution structure for abalone products relies almost entirely on wholesalers instead of fisheries cooperatives, which are commonly used for other types of seafood products. Therefore, a new distribution structure was required in the Korean abalone industry. The objective of this study was to document how the establishment of an abalone cooperative by the local government has affected fishers’ income and production since 2009. This research was conducted in Wando District in South Jeolla Province, which accounts for over 90% of the domestic abalone production. Wholesalers, fishers, and a public officer were interviewed. A shift from a wholesalercontrolled distribution structure to a cooperative run by the local government helped to reduce the “addition” and increase fishers’ incomes overall.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(2): 345-353, August 2016

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