High temperature flow velocity measurement system is presented. This system employs the ultrasonic buffer rod method and pulsed Doppler method. The buffer rod has a cooling jacket to use the high efficiency room temperature transducer. A numerical simulation is applied to design the optimised buffer rod, and its result shows good agreement with an experiment. For considering ultrasonic velocimetry method, the temperature dependency of sound velocity in the molten glass at the temperature of 1000°C to 1200°C is obtained and its difference is within plus-minus 5 per-cent in the molten borosilicate glass. Therefore, we can apply ultrasonic technique. Using this technique, the velocity, especially the speed of relative moving wall is obtained.
The quality and quantity of littcrfaLl in a clirnax forest and ln a sccondary forest were comparcd f}'om thc vicwpoint of the t'unctional change of plant comrnunity with succession. Litlcrfa1] investigations were carriecl out over a period of four 'years in a cllmax forcst duminated by Castanopsis cuspidhta and in a scconclary coppice forest. Both foresLs are located in the northern rcgion of Kyushu which belongs to the warm temperate evergreen broad-lcax,cd forest zone. The stancling crop, mean annual growth in dry weight and net production of' the two fbrests were estimated by aliometry and census. In the climax {brest, the$e va]ues were 263.6 t ha-i, 4,Otha'i, yr'i and 11.9tha'i yr-i, respectivcly, whilc in the seconclary forest, the values were 114.7 t ha-b, 2,5 t ha't yr-i and 9.3 t ha'i yr", respectively, Thc annual fine litterfa11 (litter-fa11 without largc branchcs) ranged from 6.6 to 9.2 t ha'L yr-i (rnean: 7.7 t ha'' yr'i) in the c]imax forest and from S,9 to 7.0 t ha-i yr" (mcan: 6.5 t ha" yr'b) in the secondary {brest, Thc leaf fall had little year]y flucLuation in both stands, however there were regular scasonal fiuctuations with a high peak occurring in spring in thc climax forest and in latc autumn in the secondary forest. 'I'he ratio of non-photosynthctic organs to photosynthetic organs (CIF ratio) of litterfall was larger ln the climax forest than in the sccondary forest. The turnover raEe in the secondary forest was larger than that in the c]imax forest. CfF ratio, Kyushu, litterfa11, turnovcr rate, warm tcmpcrate forest.
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