ABSTRACT. This study characterizes the calling song and ultramorphology of the stridulatory file of two geographically isolated populations of the tropical bush cricket Eneoptera surinamensis (De Geer, 1773) from city of Foz do Iguaçu, state of Paraná, and town of Rio Claro, state of São Paulo, Brazil, distant 1,000 Km from each other. The teeth are shell-shaped, the larger ones are distributed in the medium region of the file, decreasing gradually in size towards the edges. Specimens from Foz do Iguaçu have a file with 82 ± 9.8 teeth, length=1.89 mm ± 0.15 with 43.76 ± 5.94 teeth per mm (n=15). Specimens from Rio Claro present a file with 87 ± 9.81, length=1.96 ± 0.19 mm with 44.52 ± 4.61 teeth per mm (n=15). Statistical differences found between the two populations are not significant. The calling song is an uninterrupted trill that alternates two sets of notes distinct for its temporal features.

Three new Neotropical species of Hygronemobius Hebard are described from Atlantic Forest remnants in southeastern Brazil: Hygronemobius indaia sp. n. and Hygronemobius iperoigae sp. n. from the state of São Paulo and Hygronemobius guriri sp. n. from the state of Espírito Santo. We provide photographs of types and male genitalia, and discuss the morphology of male genitalia, taxonomy, calling songs and biogeographic distribution of the genus.

ABSTRACT. The aim of this paper is to report the morphology and distribution of microspines in diplopods pylorus, as these are important structures present along the alimentary tract of arthropods. The morphology of the internal surface of the pylorus of Pseudonannolene tricolor Brolemann, 1901 and Rhinocricus padbergi Verhoeff, 1938 was analyzed by SEM. Pseudonannolene tricolor presents two morphologically distinct pyloric regions: anterior and posterior. The first region is characterized by the presence of thin microspines that increase in number and size towards the posterior portion; the second region presents smaller and triangular-shaped microspines distributed throughout small plates. The pylorus of R. padbergi does not present differentiated regions; the anterior portion is characterized by microspines grouped in plates that decrease in number and increase in size towards the ileum. KEYWORDS.Alimentary canal, hindgut, morphology, scanning microscopy. RESUMO. Microespinhos no piloro dePseudonannolene tricolor e Rhinocricus padbergi (Arthropoda, Diplopoda). Este trabalho relata a morfologia e distribuição de microespinhos no piloro de diplópodos, uma vez que estas são estruturas importantes presentes ao longo do trato digestório dos artrópodos. A morfologia da superfície interna do piloro de Pseudonannolene tricolor Brolemann, 1901 e Rhinocricus padbergi Verhoeff, 1938 foi analisada por meio de MEV. Pseudonannolene tricolor apresenta duas regiões pilóricas morfologicamente distintas: anterior e posterior. A primeira região caracteriza-se pela presença de finos microespinhos que aumentam em número e tamanho em direção a porção posterior; a segunda região apresenta microespinhos pequenos, de formato triangular, distribuído em pequenas placas. O piloro de R. padbergi não apresenta regiões diferenciadas; a porção anterior caracteriza-se por microespinhos agrupados em placas, os quais decrescem em número e aumentam em tamanho, em direção ao íleo.

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The knowledge of bioacoustics of the Neotropical crickets (Orthoptera, Gryllidea) is incipient, despite the great species diversity in the region. There are few cricket song-files deposited in the major World Sound Libraries, compared to other groups such as birds and amphibians. In order to contribute to the knowledge of the bioacoustics of Brazilian crickets, we organize, analyze and make available at Fonoteca Neotropical Jacques Vielliard (FNJV) and Orthoptera Species File (OSF) our bank of cricket songs. We deposited 876 cricket’s song files in the FNJV, belonging to 31 species and 47 sonotypes. The songs were field/lab recorded, and all individuals were collected to improve species/sonotypes taxonomic determination accuracy. We present photos (in vivo) of most recorded crickets, as well as calling song spectrograms to facilitate the species/sonotype recognition. Samples of the songs can be found online on the FNJV website, using the codes available in this work, as well as on the OSF, linked to the species name. As a result, we advance the knowledge of the songs of crickets and the current perspective of the Brazilian cricket bioacoustics. We encourage researchers to share with the public their collections of their cricket file songs both in the FNJV and the OSF.