Distribution system is very essential to load centre or service mains. This is because it is the final section of electric power system (EPS) to supply the consumers. Once this section is compromised, low voltage consumers will be denied of a reliable supply of electricity. One way to make supply to low voltage consumers reliable is by bringing generation close to them through distributed generators. However, location of distributed generator is very important with respect to the entire EPS security. In this study, power network structural topology (PNST) is proposed to optimally locate distributed generator within distribution system which results in minimal loss as well as maintaining voltage profile within constraint limits. 5bus IEEE test system was used as case study to show the feasibility of the proposed method. Results obtained for both test systems were validated through the results from power world simulation tool.In this section, power network structural topology (PNST) and power world simulation software are considered. The PNST is the proposed approach in this study while power world simulation software is used to validate the result obtained from PNST.
Power network structural TopologyPower network structural topology (PNST) is an approach that considers the inherent characteristic of electric power circuitry in order solve power system problems. PNST approach proposed in this study, is based on the two-port network technique which has been reported in previous works [15][16][17].
Wind energy potentials of some selected high altitude and coastal areas in Nigeria are assessed for possible utilization for the generation of electricity. The main aim is to provide pragmatic insight that will enhance the investment in wind energy conversion systems in an optimal manner. The data used in this present study were obtained from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency, which includes average wind speeds per day of four locations across the country, measured at the anemometer height of 10 m over a period of 11 years. With the sites classified based on their wind power densities, the capacity factor estimation value was used to select the most suitable turbine for the selected sites, and the present value cost method was employed to estimate the unit cost of energy of the turbine at various hub-heights. The results obtained from this study reveal that Jos, Kano and Ikeja are economically viable as well as having excellent wind resources integration into the grid, while P/H is viable for a standalone application. The outcome of the study provides useful information that will aid renewable energy policymakers in Nigeria for wind energy development.
Reactive power compensation on radial distribution systems is a challenging issue. Electric power distribution systems are being bedeviled by high active power loss and severe voltage violation especially on the buses that are far from distribution substations. This article presents a two-stage approach for sizing shunt capacitors and identifying the locations where their placement would be most beneficial within radial distribution systems. A multiobjective function capturing real power loss minimization and bus voltage profile enhancement was formulated and weighted approach was engaged to transform the function into single objective one. While backward forward sweep approach was used for the load flow analysis, loss sensitivity factor was employed to predetermine suitable sites for capacitor installation, with the optimal sites and sizes determined using cuckoo search algorithm. This approach was implemented on IEEE 15-bus and Yale 17-bus/11 kV feeder.Results obtained using the method was thereafter compared with those obtained through other methods as obtained from literature and the comparison shows that cuckoo search algorithm outsmarts others. Significant reduction in real power loss, coupled with appreciable enhancement in voltage profile, is achieved on the Yale 17-bus/11 kV feeder. The approach is therefore viable for addressing reactive power compensation problems confronting practical radial distribution systems.
K E Y W O R D Sbackward forward sweep, cuckoo search algorithm, loss sensitivity factor, radial distribution system, shunt capacitor
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