Colorectal adenoma is linked to metabolic dysfunction. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has a precise definition and three subtypes, including non-obese MAFLD. We aimed to investigate the impact of MAFLD on the prevalence of colorectal adenoma by comparing it to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in health check-up examinees. This is a multicenter retrospective study. We enrolled 124 consecutive health check-up examinees who underwent colonoscopy. NAFLD and MAFLD were present in 58 and 63 examinees, respectively. Colorectal adenoma was diagnosed by biopsy. The impact of the MAFLD definition on the prevalence of colorectal adenoma was investigated by logistic regression, decision-tree, and random forest analyses. In logistic regression analysis, MAFLD was identified as the only independent factor associated with the presence of colorectal adenoma (OR 3.191; 95% CI 1.494–7.070; p = 0.003). MAFLD was also identified as the most important classifier for the presence of colorectal adenoma in decision-tree and random forest analyses (29 variable importance value). Among the three subtypes of MAFLD, non-obese MAFLD was the sole independent factor associated with the presence of colorectal adenoma (OR 3.351; 95% CI 1.589–7.262; p ≤ 0.001). Non-obese MAFLD was also the most important classifier for the presence of colorectal adenoma in decision-tree and random forest analyses (31 variable importance value). MAFLD, particularly non-obese MAFLD, is the most important factor associated with the presence of colorectal adenoma rather than NAFLD. Colonoscopy examination should be considered in patients with MAFLD, especially those who are non-obese.
To accurately measure closed crack length, we proposed an imaging method using a subharmonic phased array for crack evaluation using surface acoustic waves (SAW SPACE) with water immersion. We applied SAW SPACE to the hole specimen in a fundamental array (FA) image. The hole was imaged with high resolution. Subsequently, SAW SPACE was applied to fatigue crack and stress corrosion crack (SCC) specimens. A fatigue crack was imaged in FA and subharmonic array (SA) images, and the length of this particular fatigue crack measured in the images was almost the same as that measured by optical observation. The SCC was imaged and its length was accurately measured in the SA image, whereas it was underestimated in the FA image and by optical observation. Thus, we demonstrated that SAW SPACE with water immersion is useful for the accurate measurement of closed crack length and for imaging the distribution of open and closed parts of cracks with high resolution.
This is the first study reporting a change in urinary PLAP, E G, and PdG concentrations during orangutan stillbirth and live birth pregnancies. The findings will assist in developing pregnancy screening tests.
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