Knowledge of and Adherence to Health Advice among Adults with Diabetes in Libyahttp://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/2208/ Article LJMU has developed LJMU Research Online for users to access the research output of the University more effectively. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LJMU Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain.The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of the record. Please see the repository URL above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. Background: Non-adherence to medical and health care advice is a common problem, though reasons for non-adherence can differ across different groups and societies as well as between individuals. Objective: to examine diabetes knowledge among people with both type1 and type2 diabetes in Libya and explore any other factors that enhance adherence to treatment and management of the condition. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from adults with type1 or type2 diabetes who have been diagnosed for 12 months or more, in Benghazi Diabetes Centre, which is one of the oldest and largest diabetes registries in Libya. A total of 855 participants were asked to fill in two questionnaires; the "Michigan Diabetes Knowledge Test" to investigate the level of diabetes knowledge and the Confidence in Diabetes Self-care Scale to assess self-efficacy. For the purpose of the study descriptive statistics and inferential statistical tests were conducted. Results: Diabetes knowledge is very poor especially among females and those classed as illiterate within the sample. The mean HbA 1c of 9.4 was higher than the recommended levels. Four variables namely knowledge about diabetes, duration of illness, family history and self-efficacy significantly predicted levels of HbA 1c . Conclusion: Based on the above findings, two different program of diabetes education would be recommended. The first would target those with inadequate levels of knowledge about diabetes, particularly women and people with long duration diabetes. The second would be for both healthcare professionals and people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes considering the psychological factors that are involved in diabetes management.