Background The principal manifestation of hyperuricemia is gout. Many drugs are in use nowadays to treat gout, but they are linked with multiple side effects. The present study observed berberine (from Chinese folk medicine) on serum and urinary uric acid levels in rats with potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia. Materials and methods Thirty-six adult healthy female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups of six rats each. To induce hyperuricemia, all the groups except Group A were given potassium oxonate (250 mg/kg) intraperitoneally on days 1, 3, and 7. Group A, the normal control group, was given normal saline for seven consecutive days intraperitoneally. Group C was administered allopurinol (5 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally, and Group D, E, and F were given berberine in doses of 0.75 mg/kg, 1.25 mg/kg, and 2.5 mg/kg body weight respectively intraperitoneally for seven consecutive days, one hour after the potassium oxonate injection. On zero, first, third, and seventh day of the experiment, blood and urine samples were taken to estimate the serum and urinary uric acid levels. On days zero and 7, serum uric acid was measured by cardiac puncture, while on days 1 and 3, it was measured by the tail prick method. The uric acid was measured by an enzymatic colorimetric method and creatinine by the Jaffe method. Fractional excretion of urate was also calculated. Results Berberine lowered serum uric acid levels in rats with potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia with highly significant results (p-value <0.001) in all three dosages. Berberine increased the urinary uric acid level and the fractional excretion of urate in a time-dependent manner in all three dosages. This effect was maximally shown by low dose berberine with a highly significant result (p-value <0.001). Conclusion Berberine successfully decreased the serum uric acid level of hyperuricemic rats by increasing the urinary uric acid level and fractional excretion of urate.
To evaluate the effect of canagliflozin and metformin on the estrous cycle and hormonal derangement of letrozole induced polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in Sprague Dawly rats. METHODS:Thirty six female adult non-pregnant Sprague Dawly rats were divided into six groups and all, except normal control (A), were treated with letrozole 1mg/kg daily for 21 days. Treatment was started to all rats except normal control (group-A) and disease control (group-B). Canagliflozin 10 mg/kg, metformin 100 mg/kg and their combinations in high and low doses were given daily to rats of groups-C (canagliflozin-alone), group-D (metforminalone), group-E (high dose combination) and group-F (low dose combination) respectively. Vaginal smears were taken daily, to observe the estrous cycle, till th nd th the 48 day of study. Blood samples were collected on the 22 and 48 day for hormonal assay.
Background: H Pylori infection is associated with multiple conditions of gastroenterology like gastritis, mucosal ulcer and dyspepsia. Due to emergence of resistance against conventional therapeutic agents, new treatment regimens have been introduced and are superior to the older one. Objective; Compare P-CAB dependent dual therapy vs PPI dependent triple therapy against H. Pylori infection Methodology: Sample size was 400 patients, segregated into P-CAB -group and PPI-group randomly. P-CAB -group was treated with 1gm amoxicillin 8 hourly and Vonoprazole 20-mg 12 hourly daily for 4 weeks. PPI-group was treated with 1-gm amoxicillin, 500-mg clarithromycin and 20-mg Lansoprazole 12 hourly daily for 4 weeks. After four weeks of therapy, stool antigen test for H Pylori was performed to confirm H Pylori eradication. Patient with negative stool antigen test for H Pylori was labeled recovered and vice versa. Collected data was analyzed using window application SPSS (statistical package of social Sciences software). p value under 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Among P-CAB -group, 89 % patients become free from H.Pylori, while 11% patients could not recover from H.Pylori infection in spite of the same treatment. Similarly 69.5% patients of PPI-group recovered and 30.5% patients could not get rid of H.Pylori infection. Conclusion: It is concluded that P-CAB dependent dual therapy is more effective than PPIs dependent triple therapy against H.Pylori infection. Keywords: Lansoprazole, Proton Pump inhibitor, Potassium-competitive acid blocker, Vonoprazan, H. Pylori infection.
Background: Zinc deficiency is associated with numerous diseases including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, immune dysregulation, cancer, depression and congenital anomalies. There are many reasons of zinc deficiency including some medications. If zinc supplementation is used with these medicines than many diseases can be prevented. Subjects and methods: This experimental study was planned to observe the effect of single diuretic dose of furosemide and spironolactone on zinc urinary excretion and blood levels in normal rats. Eighteen adult healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. After saline load rats were given distilled water, furosemide (10 mg/kg) and spironolactone (20 mg/kg) as single oral dose. Blood and urine samples were collected after five hours and analysed for zinc concentration by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: Single oral dose of furosemide and spironolactone highly significantly increased urinary zinc excretion (p-value <0.001 vs normal control), and increased blood zinc level (p-value <0.001 vs. normal control). Value of both variables were significantly higher in furosemide-treated group (p-value <0.001 vs. furosemide-treated). Conclusion: Results of this research conclude that furosemide and spironolactone increase urinary zinc excretion when used for short period. It is also postulated that blood zinc concentration is not reliable measure to assess the zinc status of the body because its level shows compensatory rise during deficiency states.
Objective: To compare the frequency of good to excellent quality of bowel preparation before colonoscopy in PEG versus sodium phosphate. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Setting: Department of Gastroenterology, Doctors Hospital and Medical Center, Lahore Pakistan. Period: March 2019 to December 2019. Material & Methods: 180 patients was selected by non-probability consecutive sampling and randomly divided in to two groups: group A (4L of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in a split dose fashion, i.e. 2L a day before colonoscopy and 2 L given 4-6 hours before colonoscopy) group B (2 doses of 20ml sodium phosphate 12hours apart before colonoscopy) using random number table. The attending gastroenterologist scored the different segment of colon cleansing by using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS). Data collected is analyzed by Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Among 90 patients who used sodium phosphate as bowel cleansing agent, 75 (83.3%) patient showed good to excellent result as compared with 90 patients who used PEG revealed the following result 71 (78.9%). p value was 0.44 revealing that there is no significant difference among both bowel preparation agents. Conclusion: Sodium phosphate can be used as an alternative agent in most of settings where PEG cannot be used either due to patient preference or due to its side effects.
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