Distinctness, Uniformity, and Stability (DUS) characterization of ninety recently evolved soybean genotypes including three national checks were carried out at JNKVV, Jabalpur, during Kharif 2021. Sixteen DUS traits were evaluated as described by National DUS test guidelines. Observations were made on Hypocotyl Pigmentation, Growth type, Growth habitat, Leaf shape, Leaf size, Leaf colour, Flower colour, Flower colour, Pod hairiness, Pod pub colour, Pod intensity of brown colour, Seed size, Seed shape, Seed coat colour, Hilum colour, Seed coat Lustre and Colour of funicle at various phases. It revealed that there was a lot of variation in the soybean genotypes for DUS characters. Frequency distribution of data exhibited that presence of Hypocotyl: anthocyanin pigmentation (65.55 %), Semi-Determinate Growth type (75.55 %), Semi-erect Growth habitat (90.0 %), Pointed Ovate Leaf shape (83.33 %), Pod hairiness pubescent (84.44%), Seed size medium (64.44%), Seed coat colour yellow (84.44%), Seed coat Lustre intermediate (77.77%) and Colour of funicle brown (100%) were dominating traits in present set of genotypes. This soybean germplasm has a wide range of features and morphological variation, which may assist a breeder in further improvement of soybean. This will be extremely helpful in identifying, conserving and developing ideal plant type on the basis of distinguishing morphological characters.
Aims: we aimed to investigate the chlorophyll spectrum and morphological characteristics of Pea under the influence of gamma radiations. Methods: The experimental material comprised three pea genotypes viz; Arkel, Kashi Nandini, and PSM-3. Mature and well-filled seeds were irradiated with 150 and 200 Gy doses of gamma rays, and six treatments with three control were laid into randomized block design at Research Farm, Krishi Vigyan Kendra during the spring of 2018-19. Results: The highest frequency of chlorophyll mutation was recorded in PSM-3 at 150 Gy and the lowest in Kashi Nandini at 200 Gy. The widest spectrum of chlorophyll mutation with seven different mutants was recorded in the PSM-3 at a 150 Gy dose. With an increase in the dose of gamma rays, there was a decrease in the mutation frequency in all the varieties. Conclusions: Gamma rays at a rate of 150 Gy were the best for increasing the mutation frequency and they can be used for the induction of desirable mutations in peas. The obtained results confirm that the high potency of the selected mutagenic doses induced a high phenotypic diversity in the treated population and the isolated distinct mutants were of great economic, as well as academic interest for future breeding on peas. The seeds derived from the control and treated populations should be advanced to further generations, to release more variability for quantitative traits which will favor better selection.
Morphological characterization facilitates the seed production agencies to identify the varieties on phenotypic basis by their distinguished characters. The presence of sufficient variability for various agro-morphological traits, as well as the improvement of these traithrough selection and introduction of new alleles, lines, and accessions into breeding activity from both exotic and indigenous collections, aids in the identification of potential donors. In the present study, 100 genotypes including 96 RIL (recombinant inbred lines), two parental and two national checks were planted at Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur. Fourteen phenological trait viz. growth type, growth habit, flower colour, leaf size of lateral leaflet, leaf shape of lateral leaflet, leaf intensity of green colour, pod hairiness, pod: colour of hair, seed size, seed shape, seed coat colour of testa, seed coat lustre, hilum colour and hilum funicle were observed at different growth stages of plants. Among these traits, Semi- determinant growth type (97%), Semi erect growth habit (98%), white flower colour (99%), Pod colour of hair (100%) and hilum funicle same as testa (97%) were most dominating. Whereas Seed coat colour of testa [yellow (74%), yellow-green (24%) and Green (2 %)], Hilum colour [black (48%) and brown (43%) and imperfect black (9%)] and Seed shape [spherical (48%), spherical flattened (33%), flattened (16%) and elongated (3%)] were varied among genotypes.
Mutation breeding has evolved as an efficient tool for creating novel variability. Induced mutagenesis is the method of treating the base material only once, whereas recurrent mutagenesis involves subjecting the first generation (M1) to another dose of mutagen for creating extensive spectrum of genetic variations in the population. Path coefficient analysis in the induced and recurrent irradiated population measures the strength of relationship between yield attributing traits and grain yield, both directly and indirectly. The present investigation was undertaken during Kharif, 2019-20 at the K block, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore. The two genotypes of finger millet viz., GPU 28 and KMR 204 have undergone single and recurrent irradiation with different doses of gamma rays (300Gy, 400Gy) and EMS (0.1%) at Bhaba Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai. Observations were recorded for 9 quantitative traits viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height, productive tillers plant-1, ear head plant-1, fingers ear-1, finger length, panicle weight plant-1(g), test weight (g) and grain yield plant-1 (g). The studies on path analysis revealed that panicle weight and test weight established positive and direct effect towards grain yield in the induced population of finger millet. Similarly, in the recurrent irradiated population with gamma rays panicle weight, test weight, finger ear-1, 50% flowering, ear plant-1 and finger length showed direct positive effect for grain yield whereas in the recurrent irradiated population with EMS panicle weight followed by test weight, fingers ear-1, plant height, productive tillers plant-1, finger length and 50 % flowering exhibited direct positive effect for grain yield. Henceforth, direct selection based on grain yield and its attributing traits would benefit in developing high yielding variety in the crop improvement programme of finger millet.
Chickpea is an important legume crop owing to their nutritional worth. Due to the increasing population issue, it is needed to maintain the productivity of chickpeas to fulfill the requirements. At present, the main constraints in chickpea production are the Fusarium wilt disease. Forty genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) including RVG-203 as check variety were screened against Fusarium wilt resistance using six gene-based markers. Out of which five STMS markers showed polymorphism and amplified the alleles linked to resistance and susceptibility to Fusarium wilt disease in chickpea genotypes. The highest polymorphic information content (PIC) value was obtained with STMS Marker TR-29 and the least with STMS Marker TR-19. Based on molecular characterization, the genotypes produced similar allele as produced in the check variety RVG-203 and were identified as sources of resistance against Fusarium wilt. The results obtained in the present study open a window to use these genotypes as donor parents for the development of Fusarium wilt-resistant chickpea varieties through hybridization programs.
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