Morphological Characterization and Recognition of New Traits of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]

Abstract

Distinctness, Uniformity, and Stability (DUS) characterization of ninety recently evolved soybean genotypes including three national checks were carried out at JNKVV, Jabalpur, during Kharif 2021. Sixteen DUS traits were evaluated as described by National DUS test guidelines. Observations were made on Hypocotyl Pigmentation, Growth type, Growth habitat, Leaf shape, Leaf size, Leaf colour, Flower colour, Flower colour, Pod hairiness, Pod pub colour, Pod intensity of brown colour, Seed size, Seed shape, Seed coat colour, Hilum colour, Seed coat Lustre and Colour of funicle at various phases. It revealed that there was a lot of variation in the soybean genotypes for DUS characters. Frequency distribution of data exhibited that presence of Hypocotyl: anthocyanin pigmentation (65.55 %), Semi-Determinate Growth type (75.55 %), Semi-erect Growth habitat (90.0 %), Pointed Ovate Leaf shape (83.33 %), Pod hairiness pubescent (84.44%), Seed size medium (64.44%), Seed coat colour yellow (84.44%), Seed coat Lustre intermediate (77.77%) and Colour of funicle brown (100%) were dominating traits in present set of genotypes. This soybean germplasm has a wide range of features and morphological variation, which may assist a breeder in further improvement of soybean. This will be extremely helpful in identifying, conserving and developing ideal plant type on the basis of distinguishing morphological characters.

Principal component analysis for groundnut yield and seed attributes (Arachis hypogaea L.)

“…1). Similar results were obtained by [1,[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . Rotated component matrix (Table 3 and 4) revealed that the PC1 which accounted for the highest variability (32.13%) was mostly related with traits such as number of pods per plant, kernel yield per plant, biological yield per plant and seed yield per plant [2,3,5&6].…”

“…From Biplot, 13 characters were grouped into five groups. Kernel number per plant, 100 kernel weight, 100 pod weight were grouped in same cluster; Days to maturity, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, kernel yield per plant and sound mature kernel as single group [3,4] . Those genotypes nearer to each trait can be said as best suited for those traits respectively.…”

Studies of Physiological and Yield Attributing Traits of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]

“…Similar result was observed by Gontia and Awasthi [10] in soybean. LAI and biomass are the two key indicators of plant health and development Barela et al, [3]. The growth analytical parameter studies like Canopy temperature, LAI and LAD exhibited significant trends (Table 1).…”

“…In India, soybeans are the main oilseed crop farmed in the Kharif season (10.93 mt production and 10.83 M Ha area), and the nation ranks fifth globally in soybean production behind the United States, Brazil, China, Argentina, and USA Anonymous [2]. In India, soybean genotypes and cultivars exhibit limited genetic diversity Agrawal et al, [1], Barela et al, [3] and Mehra et al, [4]. There are limitations of knowledge regarding the physiological growth characteristics (such as relative growth rate, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area ratio, and shoot/root) that correspond to the responses of various soybean genotypes to various plant densities.…”

Study of Genetic Diversity and Genetic Advance in Brinjal for Morpho-Economic Traits (Solanum melongena L.)

“…The heritability values were classified as low (<50.00%), moderate (50.00-80.00%) and high (>80.00%) while, GA and GAM as low (< 25.00%), moderate (25-50%) and high (>50.00%) as suggested by Johanson et al [17]. [23] and Barela et al, [24]. "Being primary centre of origin, India has accumulated a wide range of variability in brinjal.…”