Cancer is one of the non-communicable lethal diseases which affects millions of people worldwide and is responsible for the majority of global deaths. Among the types of cancers occurring in humans, oral cancer has a higher incident rate which is significantly alarming. Oral cancer sites are associated with increased risk of metastasis, along with making the cancer site susceptible to infection by a vast number of opportunistic pathogens. Gram-negative opportunistic bacilli can dwell in these cancer ulcer sites since the patient becomes immune compressed due to radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatments, which prolong the infection. The present study was undertaken to find the most prevalent gram-negative bacilli in oral cavity cancer sites. Swab samples from 50 oral cancer patients were taken to check the presence of the opportunistic organisms. While the control group was set with people with no cancer, only 4 bacteria were isolated from 40 healthy volunteers. Among the isolates from both test group and control group, the most prevalent organism was Klebsiella species 37(45%), followed by Pseudomonas species 29 (34.5%) and Proteus species 8(9.5%). The least prevalent was Escherichia coli 5(6%). The isolates were all taken for antibiotic sensitivity testing (AST) against 15 antibiotics from 11 different groups used in hospitals. Results of the AST were as follows: 100% of the isolates from cancer patients were resistant to vancomycin, clindamycin, amoxicillin, penicillin G, and metronidazole. It was followed by azithromycin, where 86.25% of the isolates were resistant to it. The least resistance was seen against aminoglycoside antibiotic group, amikacin (6.25%), then gentamicin having a resistance percentage of 7.5. A substantial amount of qualitative data on medical history, clinical examination, and treatment, etc. was documented and presented in this study. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 36 Number 2 December 2019, pp 85-90

Pneumonia is the single largest infectious cause of death in children worldwide and also a form of an acute respiratory infection that affects the lung. The purpose of the study was to develop a new approach to treat antibiotic-resistant K. pneumoniae infection. This study aimed in quest of a drug to combine with ciprofloxacin, a broad spectrum antibiotic frequently used to treat lung infections. Methodology: A total of 23 lung infection bacterial samples were collected and studied against 14 antibiotics of different classes. The disk diffusion method was performed to determine synergy screening, MIC value, and qualitative toxicity analysis of ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol combination. Results: After primary screening of antibiotic susceptibility, they were categorized into multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pan drug-resistant (PDR) pathogens where 9 isolates were MDR, 5 were XDR and 3 isolates were PDR. Furthermore, they were trialed in combination ciprofloxacin along with other 7 drugs in disk diffusion to explore the synergistic effect. The combination of ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol were found to be synergic. Then the MIC test was done for the combination ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol. When the MIC result was generated, the MIC of the respective combination was analyzed. Furthermore, the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) was calculated and in accordance with the results of the FIC index, ciprofloxacin-chloramphenicol combination has shown value 0.4510 which revealed a synergistic effect against multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Conclusion: Given these points,

Bangladesh composes the most polluted air with Dhaka securing the top position. The purpose of the study is the enumeration of the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in Dhaka city's air and their antibiotic susceptibility to the common antibiotics. For the sample collection, different selective media was exposed in air where the highest and lowest CFU was 137 and 1 respectively. Pathogens were screened through Hemolysis, DNase and Coagulase test and identified by 16s rRNA sequencing followed by antibiotic susceptibility test.16s rRNA sequencing revealed that the organisms were Bacillus altitudinis strain 41KF2bT.28, Bacillus licheniformis strain QMA46-2, Bacillus altitudinis, Bacillus pumilis strain BJ-DEBCR-34, Staphylococcus aureus strain TPS-3156, Bacillus sp CO16, Pseudomonas sp strain 96LC22 and Shigella dysenteriae strain ATCC 13313. Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus were 81.81% and 54.54% resistant to the antibiotics. Whole-genome sequencing would help to observe mutations in the traits as changes in hemolytic activity were found during pathogenecity tests.

No abstract

Biofilms are dense bacterial colonies, derived from microbially derived sessile community, networked within a polysaccharide matrix with a distinct architecture that has the attachment potential to both alive and abiotic surfaces.Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a model biofilm forming microorganism associated with remarkable morbidity and mortality rate due to emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, Pseudomonas aeruginosa originating from a biofilm is more resistant to a wide range of antibiotics than the planktonic bacteria. This research was planned to develop a comparative study of the biofilm production between potential, antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from mature environmental biofilm and clinical strain of the same species that did not derive from biofilm. It was observed that the Pseudomonas aeruginosa from environmental isolates were resistant to 15 prominent antibiotics, while clinical strain was comparatively resistant to only few of them. A confirmatory analysis of biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance pattern of these two groups of organisms was checked by 96-well microtiter plate and the disc diffusion method respectively. Finally, the results portrayed that the environmental strains with high drug resistance, potentially formed a considerable amount of biofilm in the period of a week whereas; clinical stains formed a negligible amount of biofilm within the same time frame.