Isolation and Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria from Oral Cancer Site Infections and Study of Their Antibiotic Resistance Pattern

Abstract

Cancer is one of the non-communicable lethal diseases which affects millions of people worldwide and is responsible for the majority of global deaths. Among the types of cancers occurring in humans, oral cancer has a higher incident rate which is significantly alarming. Oral cancer sites are associated with increased risk of metastasis, along with making the cancer site susceptible to infection by a vast number of opportunistic pathogens. Gram-negative opportunistic bacilli can dwell in these cancer ulcer sites since the patient becomes immune compressed due to radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatments, which prolong the infection. The present study was undertaken to find the most prevalent gram-negative bacilli in oral cavity cancer sites. Swab samples from 50 oral cancer patients were taken to check the presence of the opportunistic organisms. While the control group was set with people with no cancer, only 4 bacteria were isolated from 40 healthy volunteers. Among the isolates from both test group and control group, the most prevalent organism was Klebsiella species 37(45%), followed by Pseudomonas species 29 (34.5%) and Proteus species 8(9.5%). The least prevalent was Escherichia coli 5(6%). The isolates were all taken for antibiotic sensitivity testing (AST) against 15 antibiotics from 11 different groups used in hospitals. Results of the AST were as follows: 100% of the isolates from cancer patients were resistant to vancomycin, clindamycin, amoxicillin, penicillin G, and metronidazole. It was followed by azithromycin, where 86.25% of the isolates were resistant to it. The least resistance was seen against aminoglycoside antibiotic group, amikacin (6.25%), then gentamicin having a resistance percentage of 7.5. A substantial amount of qualitative data on medical history, clinical examination, and treatment, etc. was documented and presented in this study.
 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 36 Number 2 December 2019, pp 85-90

Identification and characterization of bacteria isolated from patients with cancer at Enugu State Teaching Hospital Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria

“…In Ghana, Obeng-Nkrumah et al (2013), reported the presence of MDR bacteria in the bloodstream of cancer patients. In another recent investigation by Tigabu et al (2020) (Ashreen et al, 2020). Furthermore, Lyaddorai et al (2020 showed that E. coli plays a role in the initiation and promotion of cancer.…”

Isolation and Antibiotic-Resistant Pattern of Opportunistic Infectious Microbes from the Infected Sites of Oral Cancer Patients Compared to That of Healthy People Oral Microbiota

“…Again, in two recent studies, it was illustrated that the most isolated Gram-negative bacteria were Klebsiella spp. (13; 13.5%) [16] and (37; 45%) respectively [19]. So indeed, with the change of time and place, the type of bacteria causing infection has changed.…”

“…Infection occurs in the wounds of oral regions, oropharynx, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses areas when it is exposed to microorganisms during or after any operation. A study showed that infection was more profound in post-operative than in pre-operative patients [19]. Infections found in oral cancer patients after surgical excision of the tumor as evidence shows that hospital-associated infections are often spread by the hands of health care workers or contaminated medical devices [25].…”

Molecular Comparative Study of Virulence Factors Produced by Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Several Cancer Cases and NonCancer Patients in Erbil Governorate, Iraq

“…Cancer is an abnormal growth of cells caused by multiple expressions of genes that lead to a dysregulated balance between cell proliferation and cell death, eventually evolving into a cell population that can colonize tissues and spread to distant sites, causing significant morbidity and death of the host (Ashreen et al, 2019); (Ruddon, 2007). Ultimately, cancer is a disorder of abnormal gene expression (Parsa, 2012).…”