With the ever-increasing population, volumes of wastewater treatment are a major concern in our country. The Activated Sludge Process (ASP), Biological Filtration and Oxygenated Reactor (BIOFOR), Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB), and Moving Bed Bio Reactor (MBBR) are all monetarily investigated in the present study using the Life Cycle Cost Assessment (LCCA) tool. In this study, life cycle costing is done using the present value method, which involves discounting the costs for a 20-year economic life. The costs of treating wastewater per million litres per day (MLD) of wastewater treatment technology are obtained from the literature. Moreover, this study takes into account the capital, annual operation, energy, salvage, and replacement costs to compare the life cycle costs of ASP, UASB, BIOFOR, and MBBR to make the best guess of an economical technology. The LCCA demonstrates that the MBBR has the highest costs of treatment, resulting in the highest Life Cycle Cost (LCC). BIOFOR has the largest energy requirement making LCC the second-highest among the technologies. In India, ASP is one of the most widely used technologies, whose LCC is the third most advanced of the four technologies. Because of its lower energy and operating costs, UASB has the lowest LCC.
‘Good Outcomes from evil situation’ this phrase perfectly fits into the COVID-19 circumstances as several restrictions on anthropogenic activities provided an improvement in the ambient air quality status globally. The study deals with the consequences of COVID-19 lockdown on ambient air quality for 2 major industrial cities ( Raipur and Bilaspur) in Central Indian state Chhattisgarh moreover a comparison of air quality data was made with non-lockdown year (2019). The AQI and critical parameters (such as PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx) were acquired form online available source and then analysed for the study period (2019 and 2020). Noteworthy reduction in AQI and concentration of pollutants in Raipur was detected whereas there was reduction in Bilaspur but it was less than Raipur. Evident changes in the level of pollutants (NOx and PM) were observed during the study. Meteorological parameters such as temperature and relative humidity were also examined for Raipur. Statistical analysis between data of meteorological parameters and AQI for capital city Raipur was also carried out.
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