With the ever-increasing population, volumes of wastewater treatment are a major concern in our country. The Activated Sludge Process (ASP), Biological Filtration and Oxygenated Reactor (BIOFOR), Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB), and Moving Bed Bio Reactor (MBBR) are all monetarily investigated in the present study using the Life Cycle Cost Assessment (LCCA) tool. In this study, life cycle costing is done using the present value method, which involves discounting the costs for a 20-year economic life. The costs of treating wastewater per million litres per day (MLD) of wastewater treatment technology are obtained from the literature. Moreover, this study takes into account the capital, annual operation, energy, salvage, and replacement costs to compare the life cycle costs of ASP, UASB, BIOFOR, and MBBR to make the best guess of an economical technology. The LCCA demonstrates that the MBBR has the highest costs of treatment, resulting in the highest Life Cycle Cost (LCC). BIOFOR has the largest energy requirement making LCC the second-highest among the technologies. In India, ASP is one of the most widely used technologies, whose LCC is the third most advanced of the four technologies. Because of its lower energy and operating costs, UASB has the lowest LCC.
With ever-increasing population, volumes of wastewater treatment are a major concern in our country. The choice of an appropriate wastewater treatment technology in India needs to be focused. The Activated Sludge Process (ASP), Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR), Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB), Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR), Soil Bio Technology (SBT), Biological Filtration and Oxygenated Reactor (BioFOR), Submerged Aerated Fixed Film (SAFF), Phytorid, Waste stabilization ponds (WSP), Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) and Trickling Filter (TF) employing the Life Cycle Cost Assessment (LCCA) tool, are all financially examined in this study. This study shows the present value approach, which involves discounting the expenses for a 20-year economic life and is used to calculate life cycle costs. The published literature is used to determine the price of sewage treatment per million litres per day (MLD) of wastewater treatment technology. Additionally, this analysis compares the life cycle costs of the 11 technologies stated earlier to determine the most likely candidate for an economical technology by factoring in capital, annual operation and maintenance, energy, salvage, and replacement expenses. The uncertainty of land cost and discount rate with its effect on LCCs is studied by varying both over a range. The present study evaluates the Net Savings and Savings Investment Ratio of technologies with a base case. The LCCA demonstrates the ascending order of technologies as WSP < PHYTORID < UASB < SBT < BioFOR < TF < SAFF < ASP < SBR < MBR < MBBR. This study suggests that more research on the payback periods of various wastewater treatment methods be conducted.
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