This study aimed to find bacterial profile of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children between 2 months to 15 years of age. This is a hospital based retrospective study conducted at Gandaki medical college and teaching hospital, Pokhara over a period of 18 months. Among the total 575 children enrolled for the study, 110 children (19.1%) were found to be culture positive. Most common age group having culture positivity is 1-5 years (40%). Present study showed that UTI is more common in girls (69.1%) than in boys (30.9%). E. coli was still the most commonly isolated bacteria (70.9%) followed by Proteus (20%), Klebsiella (5.4%) and Pseudomonas sp. in (1.8%). E. coli was sensitive to Nitrofurantoin (84.6 %), Amikacin (80.7%), Gentamicin (73%) and Ofloxacin in (53.8%). Most commonly used drugs for the treatment of UTI like Cefixime and Ceftriaxone was sensitive only in 15% and 10% respectively. Similarly, Klebsiella was sensitive to Amikacin and Gentamicin (100%) but sensitive to Nitrofurantoin in only 66% of cases. Proteus was sensitive to Nitrofurantoin (95.4%), Amikacin (86%) and to Gentamicin (59%). High resistance rate was observed to Cefixime and Ceftriaxone, the commonly used drugs for its treatment in OPD basis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v3i3.8633 Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2013; 3(3): 22-25

Respiratory tract infection is one of the major reasons of patients seeking medical care. Among infections pharangitis is most common in the upper respiratory tract, which is seen most frequently in children and adolescents and less frequently among adults. The objective of this study was to analyze the underlying bacterial pathogens in pharyngitis cases and antibiotic susceptibility of various isolates. During February to August, 2010, a total of 134 patients visiting E.N.T. OPD of Bir Hospital complaining sore throat were studied. The throat swabs of the patients were cultured in 5.0% sheep blood agar plates and incubated at 37 0 C for 24-48 hrs. Clear transparent β-haemolytic colonies of the germs were selected and identified. Group A streptococcus was identified by β-haemolytic colonies with bacitracin and penicillin sensitivity, gram staining, catalase negativity and growth on crystal violet blood agar.In this study, 23 (17.2%) patients were positive for β-haemolytic streptococci. Among them, 12 (9%) were identified as Group A streptococcus. The culture positive for BHS was highest (56.5%) among the age group of 21-40 years.Pathogens other than β-haemolytic streptococci were isolated from 9 patients, of which 4 cases showed mixed bacterial growth. Other bacterial isolates reported in the study were Staphylococcus aureus 6 (4.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 5 (3.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2 (1.5%), Citrobacter freundii 1 (0.7%), and yeast cells 1 (0.7%).It was found that infections caused by β-haemolytic streptococci was significantly higher p=0.0084 i.e. (p<0.05) than infections caused by other bacteria. This study demonstrated that young adults of age group 21-40 were affected by streptococcal pharyngitis. The isolates of GAS were 100% sensitive to amoxycillin, cephalexin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin and azithromycin followed by cotrimoxazole (91.7%) and erythromycin (91.7%).