Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is one of the commonest reasons for dermatological consultation. Over the last few years our understanding of the pathophysiology of AGA has improved and this has paved way for better diagnostic and therapeutic options. Recent research has dwelled on the role of stem cells in the pathophysiology of AGA and has also identified newer genetic basis for the condition. Dermoscopy/trichoscopy has emerged as a useful diagnostic tool for AGA. While the major treatment options continue to be topical minoxidil, systemic Finasteride and hair transplantations, newer modalities are under investigation. Specific diagnostic and treatment recommendations have also been developed on evidence based principles. This article reviews the recent concepts in relation to AGA. With regards to the pathophysiology we have tried to stress on recent knowledge of the molecular and genetic basis of AGA. We have emphasized on an evidence based approach for treatment and diagnosis.

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Background: Nomograms applying the 8th edition of the TNM staging system aimed at predicting overall (OS), disease-specific (DSS), locoregional recurrence-free (LRRFS) and distant recurrence-free survivals (DRFS) for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) are still lacking. Methods: A training cohort of 438 patients with OTSCC was retrospectively enrolled from a single institution. An external validation set of 287 patients was retrieved from two independent institutions. Results: Internal validation of the multivariable models for OS, DSS, DRFS and LRRFS showed a good calibration and discrimination results with optimism-corrected c-indices of 0.74, 0.75, 0.77 and 0.70, respectively. The external validation confirmed the good performance of OS, DSS and DRFS

The authors present the case of an 11-year-old boy with an intraventricular chordoid meningioma, which is a rare presentation of prolonged fever of unknown origin due to a rare tumor in a rare location. The fever resolved after excision of the lesion. Subsequent imaging revealed recurrence at 1 year. After a repeat excision and fractionated radiotherapy, the patient has remained disease free 5 years after the first surgery. Very few cases of intraventricular chordoid meningioma have been reported to date. The pathological features and clinical course are described. A review of the literature describing management options for this tumor type, recently found to have a higher recurrence rate, is described herein.

Background To validate the newly proposed American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) eighth edition staging in early T1 and T2 oral cavity cancers and its effect in predicting tumour control. Methods Retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes of 441 T1 to T2 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Overall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), and tumour control were calculated and compared between the AJCC 7 and 8 staging systems. Results The 5‐year OS was 78% and 61% for T1 and T2 tumours, respetively (P < 0.001) (AJCC 7) vs 87% and 67% (P < 0.001) (AJCC 8). The 5‐year DSS was 78% and 61% for T1 and T2, respectively (P < 0.001) (AJCC 7) vs 89% and 71% (P < 0.001) (AJCC 8). For stages I and II tumours the 5‐year OS was 81% and 76%, respectively (P < 0.302) (AJCC 7) vs 87% and 73% (P < 0.017) (AJCC 8). The 5‐year DSS was 83% and 82% (P < 0.222) vs 89% and 77% (P < 0.016). With the AJCC eighth edition the 5‐year local, regional, and distant control rates for T1 vs T2 tumours were 85% vs 74% (P = 0.003), 95% vs 77% (P = 0.001), and 95% vs 80% (P = 0.014), respectively. Conclusion The AJCC 8th staging system provided for more accurate prediction of OS, DSS, and disease control in early oral cavity cancers.

Schwannoma is a benign tumour arising from neurilemmal cells and is commonly seen along cranial nerves. We describe the case history and histologic findings of a young adult with a schwannoma at a very rare site: the penis. Surgical excision was done and the patient remains disease-free after 2 years.

Poorly differentiated carcinomas of the thyroid have evolved over the past half century into a specific entity in the classification of thyroid carcinomas. The need for a consensus diagnostic criteria has been stressed in view of the wide discrepancies and confusion among pathologists and clinicians. This review attempts to understand the concept, the evolution, clarity and validity of the concepts in poorly differentiated carcinomas of the thyroid.

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