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Nanoclay modified bio resin-based jute composites were prepared by thermopressing method to examine the effect of nanoclay on physical, mechanical, and biodegradation properties of jute-soy composite. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of composite was carried out to study the chemical interactions between jute-soy-nanoclay, whereas, x-ray diffractogram and transmission electron microscopic analysis revealed the formation of nanostructure at the composite interface. With 5 wt.% of clay contents, the tensile strength of the composite was 59.2 MPa, which is 65.4% higher than that of the clay-free jute-soy composite. The developed composite is thermally stable up to 280 C and increased in weight by only 41.66% after 24-h water immersion. Inclusion of 5 wt.% nanoclay enhanced storage modulus of nanocomposite from 1170 to 4136 MPa. Evaluation of degradability of composites under compost condition in terms of weight and tensile loss indicated that clay reinforced composites are more durable than jute-soy composite. Overall, a biodegradable composite material was developed which may be applied as nondegradable plastic alternate in packaging, railway coach, decorating materials, furniture, transport, and construction sector.

Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is improved as a soy resin system when aldehyde-based curing agent is used for crosslinking. In this work, composites were prepared by reinforcing sodium hydroxide treated jute felts with CNSL modified soy resin and characterized in terms of water resistance, mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties and screw drilling properties. Addition of 4 wt% CNSL in soy resin increased water resistance of the composite by 10% whereas tensile properties of composite improved by about 40%. Maximum storage modulus of CNSL based composite was found 8412 MPa as compared to 1092 MPa of jute-soy composite without CNSL. Composites were exposed to accelerated weather and checked for dimensional stability, change in weight and mechanical properties. These composites could find wide applications in railway and automobile interiors, furniture, toysand so forth.

Poly(m aminophenol) was synthesized chemically from m aminophenol in aqueous hydrochloric acid using ammonium persulfate as an oxidizing agent. To get processable poly(m aminophenol) the poly merization condition was optimized by varying HCl concentration and temperature. The synthesized poly mers at lower HCl concentration were insoluble in organic solvents, but synthesized polymers at higher acid concentration were found to be soluble in aqueous sodium hydroxide, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfox ide. The polymers were characterized by ultraviolet visible, proton magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. X ray diffraction analysis and elemental analysis of the synthesized polymers were also performed. DC electrical conductivity of the acid doped polymers was measured by Four probe method. The spectral evidences clearly indicated that the ladder structure was formed in lower aqueous HCl concentration while open ring keto derivative of polyaniline was formed at higher HCl concentration. The polymer with open ring structure was better processabe and higher conductive in doped state than that of the other one. Dif ference of their properties like solubility, conductivity of the polymers synthesized at different condition was due to their structural difference.

Ternary composites based on functionalized BN, a carbonaceous material, and PANI are developed for real-time asymmetric supercapacitor application.

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Thermoplastic starch (TPS)/soy pulp (soy waste) composites (TSS) with varying compositions are successfully prepared in an internal mixer followed by compression molding. The mechanical, water absorption, and biodegradable properties of the developed composites are studied and compared with virgin TPS and cellulose reinforced TPS composites (TSC). Optimum tensile and flexural strength is observed for TSS and TSC composites with 10 wt.% soy waste and cellulose. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analyses indicated the interaction occurred between soy pulp/cellulose and TPS. Water absorptivity is found to increase from 6.2% to as high as 42.3% with the addition of 0 to 25 wt.% cellulose filler to the TPS matrix. Moreover, the soil burial degradation study shows higher degradability of the composites with a higher amount of soy pulp/cellulose. The developed composites show moderate mechanical properties with a hydrophobic and biodegradable nature. Therefore, there is a great possibility for these biocomposites to be utilized in applications such as disposable items, packaging materials, office cuboids, and transport sectors.

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