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The present study evaluates possible drug interactions between glimepiride (GLIM) and sildenafil citrate (SIL) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathic (DN) animals and also postulates the possible mechanism of interaction based on molecular modeling studies. Diabetic nephropathy was induced by single dose of STZ (60 mg kg(-1), i.p.) and was confirmed by assessing blood and urine biochemical parameters 28 days after induction. Selected DN animals were used to explore the drug interaction between GLIM (0.5 mg kg(-1), p.o.) and SIL (2.5 mg kg(-1), p.o.) on the 29th and 70th day of the protocol. Possible drug interaction was assessed by evaluating the plasma drug concentration using HPLC-UV and changes in biochemical parameters in blood and urine were also determined. The mechanism of the interaction was postulated from the results of a molecular modeling study using the Maestro module of Schrodinger software. DN was confirmed as there was significant alteration in blood and urine biochemical parameters in STZ-treated groups. The concentration of SIL increased significantly (P < 0.001) in rat plasma when co-administered with GLIM on the 70th day of the protocol. Molecular modeling revealed important interactions with rat serum albumin and CYP2C9. GLIM has a strong hydrophobic interaction with binding site residues of rat serum albumin compared to SIL, whereas for CYP2C9, GLIM forms a stronger hydrogen bond than SIL with polar contacts and hydrophobic interactions. The present study concludes that bioavailability of SIL increases when co-administered chronically with GLIM in the management of DN animals, and the mechanism is supported by molecular modeling studies.

An efficient InCl3 catalysed one-pot strategy has been developed for the synthesis of tetra-substituted pyrroles and tri-substituted 2-pyrones in very good yields. Tetra-substituted pyrroles were prepared from 1,4-enediones and β-dicarbonyls employing NH4OAc as a nitrogen source, through a combination of Michael addition and Paal–Knorr methods. Tri-substituted 2-pyrones were synthesised from 1,4-ynediones and appropriate β-dicarbonyls using a sequential Michael addition and 6-exo-trig cyclisation.

In the title 2-[(4,6-di­amino­pyrimidin-2-yl)sulfan­yl]acetamides, both compounds have a folded conformation about the methyl­ene C atom of the thio­acetamide bridge, with the pyrimidine ring being inclined to the benzene ring by 56.18 (6) and 67.84 (6)°. In both mol­ecules, there is an intra­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bond stabilizing the folded conformation.

Availability of X-ray crystal structure of 3C protease of several enteroviruses provided an opportunity for in silico drug design and development approach. Presented study is aimed at designing a novel compound targeting 3C protease of Coxsackievirus (CVB3), which is reported frequently to cause myocarditis in North America and Europe. A pthalimido-sulfonamide derivative (ZINC13799063) was identified through high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS) approach from the top HITs. A small library of phalimido-sulphonamides was enumerated to find a potential LEAD. Compound 17 from the library was found to inhibit CVB3 selectively in cell based antiviral assay at a concentration of EC50=1.0±0.1 µM with a selectivity index of >140. Molecular dynamics study was performed to investigate the selective inhibition of CVB3 over CVB4.

Schiff's base of isonicotinyl hydrazide with 2',4'-dihydroxy acetophenone (INH-RA) has been designed and synthesized as a part of library enumeration targeting the NS2B-NS3 protease of Dengue virus. Slow evaporation from methanol results in the formation of monoclinic crystals C2/c space group with eight molecules in the unit cell (a=20.0165(3) Å, b=7.7594(10) Å, c=19.4809(3) Å, α=90 °, β=111.368(1) °, γ=90 ° and Z=8). Three-dimensional X-ray crystallographic structure of the compound has been determined and refined using SHELXS-97 and SHELXL-2014, respectively to a final R-value of 4.64%