Speech signal is a natural means of communication. It uses small units of sound to convey feelings and messages. Birds also use sound signals to express their emotions. Some birds, like parrots and crows, are capable of imitating the speech of other animals. The aim of this study is to compare the imitating capabilities of these birds with those of human beings. The software COMSOL Multiphysics has been used for investigating the effect of dimensional modifications of the vocal tract on the system output. The analysis of the results shows that the acoustic spaces used by human beings, parrots and crows are not overlapping, but similar in shape. Further, maximum formant scattering is observed in human beings and minimum for parrots. The results may be important for understanding the vocal tract modulation, for example, to generate artificial food calls to assemble the birds for feeding medicines to avoid spread of diseases, specifically by parrots and crows as they try to settle down near human civilizations.
The evaluation of temperature for a typical electronic package used in the spacecraft industry has been verified using a lumped modeling methodology including radiation exchange calculation. Electronic enclosure packages constitute various heat dissipating elements mounted on the layered circuit board. The protection of components from thermal damages requires, that can be done by the careful selection of layouts, the dissipation levels which affects the circuit board and various used thermal control methods. ITAS refers to the integrated thermal analysis simulation available in the ISAC for calculation of radiation exchange factor internally, uses Gebhart technique and Monte Carlo Simulation technique. Package level simulation has been done to evaluate the temperature of electronic enclosure and results validated. Results of these thermal analysis are compared with the results given by thermovac tests conducted at ISAC. Under typical operating environmental condition and considerations of conduction and radiation heat transfer modes, temperature levels of the PCB and Components were improved. Based on this thermal analysis variance results suggestions have given to improve the thermal performance of the electronic enclosure packages.
Mechanical vibrations appear across a diverse range of applications, but nevertheless are unified by a core set of principles and phenomena. In this article, we describe a reconfigurable laboratory kit that is designed to be used as part of a first undergraduate course in mechanical vibrations. The kit was designed to be low cost and allow for a series of laboratory experiments to be performed remotely. Using a common set of core hardware and software, five laboratory experiments are detailed and can be performed to supplement many of the major topics traditionally encountered in a first vibrations course. This accessible platform will readily enable further technical improvements and expansions, as well as the development of additional experiments and assignments.
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