The acute and chronic anti-inflammatory effect of the crude extracts and fractions of Millettia aboensis leaves, a popular Nigerian traditional antiinflammation remedy and possible mechanism of effect was investigated. Phytochemical analysis of the crude and fraction revealed the presence of antiinflammatory phyto-compoundsterpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and glycosides. No death was recorded from acute toxicity study. The crude and methanol fraction at 300 and 200 mg/kg showed significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of egg albumin induced paw edema. Effect of the extract and fraction on topical oedema induced by xylene on mouse ear revealed that methanol fraction at 5 mg/ear had the highest activity with percentage inhibition of 61.90 % compared to the 54.76 % inhibition produced by Indomethacin. Methanol fraction at 300 mg/kg produced a significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of formaldehyde induced arthritis with percentage inhibition of 40.93 %. Result of the ulcergenic effect in rat demonstrated that both the crude and methanol fraction possess ulcergenic effect though lower than that produced by Indomethacin. Methanol fraction at 400 mg/kg also produced significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of leucocytes migration compared with the control. Both extract and methanol fraction produced stabilization effect on the heat-induced and hypotonicity induced red blood cell haemolysis. These results suggest that the ethanol leaf extract of M. aboensis possess acute and chronic anti-inflammatory activity that is most active in the methanol fraction. The activity may be as a result of combined inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, leukocyte migration and membrane stabilization effect.
The hepatoprotective and anti hepatotoxic effect of Tacazzea barteri was evaluated using carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) induced hepatotoxicity. For the hepatoprotective study, the animals were treated with 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg of T. barteri extract for 7 days prior to the intra peritoneal injection of 1 ml/kg of carbon tetrachloride while for the anti hepatotoxic study; 1 ml/kg of carbon tetrachloride was administered via intra peritoneal route before treatment (2 days). Blood samples were collected from the animals before and after treatment and serum biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALP, Bilirubin and Albumin) were determined. The extract showed significant (p < 0.01) reduction in the carbon tetrachloride induced elevation of ALT, AST, ALP and Bilirubin and a significant (p < 0.01) increase in carbon tetrachloride induced suppression of Albumin induction in both models. Histological photomicrographs of liver sections of the untreated groups showed high cellular damage while no visible histological damages were noticed in the extract treated groups in the hepatoprotective model while mild cellular damage was noticed in the anti-hepatotoxic model. The extract not only showed protection of the liver cells against CCL4 hepatotoxin but also showed reversal of hepatic damage cause by CCL4. This study justifies the folkloric use of T. barteri in the treatment of liver diseases.
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