Toxicity Evaluation of a Commercial Herbal Preparation Commonly Used in Nigeria

Oghenesuvwe, Erhirhie Earnest; Emeka, Ilodigwe Emmanuel; Lotanna, Ajaghaku Daniel; Moke, Emuesiri Goodies

doi:10.9734/ejmp/2015/12926

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The papers were changed every l hour to allow the feces to be seen and counted, as well as to ensure stool consistency. Normal pelleted feces (0), distinct soft-formed feces (1), soft-formed feces (2), soft watery stool (3), and watery stool with minimal solid substance (4) were used to evaluate diarrhea (4) [13].…”

Section: Determination Of Anti-diarrheal Activity Castor Oil-induced ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…'AWFC' stands for the average weight of the fecal matter of controls and 'AWFT' stands for the average weight of fecal matter of test groups [13].…”

Section: Determination Of Anti-diarrheal Activity Castor Oil-induced ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Where 'A' is the length of the entire intestine and 'B' is the distance covered by charcoal. The 'APIC' stands for average PI of the control group, while 'APIT' stands for average PI of the test group [13].…”

Section: Castor Oil-induced Gastrointestinal Motility Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method described by Uzuegbu et al (2021) [15], was used with little modification to investigate the effect of the ME and the solvent fractions of the leaves of R. prinoides on the gastrointestinal motility. Mice of either sex fasted overnight were divided into five and eleven groups (6 mice per group) at random for crude extract and solvent fractions respectively [13].…”

Section: Castor Oil-induced Gastrointestinal Motility Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In-vivo antidiarrheal activity: From the crude extract and solvent fractions of Rhamnus prinoides (Rhamnaceae) leaves

Ayele

Abebe

Muche

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Objectives: The inherent toxicities of the drugs urge the search for alternative drugs that are safe and effective. Therefore, the objective of the study is to evaluate the in-vivo anti-diarrheal activity of crude extract and solvent fractions of Rhamnus prinoides leaves. Methods: The Leaves of Rhamnus prinoides were macerated using absolute methanol and then fractionated. For in-vivo antidiarrheal activity evaluation of the crude extract and solvent fraction, castor oil-induced diarrhea, castor oil-induced anti-enteropolling, and intestinal transit models were used. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data, followed by a Tukey post-test. The standard and negative control groups were treated with loperamide and 2% tween 80 respectively. Results: A significant reduction in the frequency of wet stools and watery content of diarrhea, intestinal motility, intestinal fluid accumulation, and delaying the onset of diarrhea as compared with controls were observed in mice treated with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg ME. However the effect increased dose-dependently, and the 400 mg/kg ME produced a comparable effect with the standard drug in all models. Amongst the solvent fractions, n-BF significantly delayed the time of diarrheal onset and reduced the frequency of defecation, and intestinal motility at doses of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg. Furthermore, the maximum percentage inhibition of intestinal fluid accumulation was observed in mice treated with 400 mg/kg n-BF (p<0.01; 61.05%). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that crude leaves extract and solvent fractions of Rhamnus prinoides had significant anti-diarrheal activity, providing scientific support for its traditional use as a diarrhea treatment.

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Section: Determination Of Anti-diarrheal Activity Castor Oil-induced ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…'AWFC' stands for the average weight of the fecal matter of controls and 'AWFT' stands for the average weight of fecal matter of test groups [13].…”

Section: Determination Of Anti-diarrheal Activity Castor Oil-induced ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Castor Oil-induced Gastrointestinal Motility Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Castor Oil-induced Gastrointestinal Motility Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

In-vivo antidiarrheal activity: From the crude extract and solvent fractions of Rhamnus prinoides (Rhamnaceae) leaves

Ayele

Abebe

Muche

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…A report on the toxicity of a polyherbal mixture of A. boonei stem bark and Fadara zanthoyloids stem bark showed nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic effects especially at high doses after long term use inferring that it may not be safe in the treatment of arthritis, rheumatism and other chronic diseases (Oghenesuvwe et al, 2015). The aqueous ethanolic extract of A. boonei stem bark has been reported to be nephrotoxic at high doses in guinea pigs (Oze et al, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of aqueous root extract of <i>Alstonia boonei</i> De wild using the Allium test

Egonu¹,

Abu²,

Nma³

2019

Nig. J. Biotechnol

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Akinmoladun et al. (2007) reported the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides as phytochemicals present in the methanolic and aqueous stem bark extracts of Alstonia boonei, mineral elements such as iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, a very high amount of phosphorus and the antioxidant, vitamin C were also reported present. The presence of two compounds, confirmed to be triterpenes were reported by Obiagwu et al. (2014) in a study carried out on the medicinal properties of the methanolic root-bark extract of Alstonia boonei. Introduction Ethno-medicinally, the bark of the Alstonia boonei is a medicinal plant commonly found in Nigeria. It is known in Igbo as 'Egbu', in Yoruba as 'Awun', 'Ukhu' in Edo and 'Ukpukunu' in Urhobo. It is known in English as stool wood, cheesewood, pattern wood or alstonia. Its trade names include; stool wood, mujwa, pattern wood, cheesewood, alstonia or emien (Amole and Ilori, 2010). It belongs to the family Apocynaceae and the genus Alstonia has about 40 species occurring mostly in the moist lowland forests in Nigeria and sometimes spreads into drier areas such as the gentle, steep rocky hill sites in Liberia, it is also seen scattered or in small groups in wet or marshy places that are occasionally flooded. It is a large, deciduous tree growing up to 45 m tall and 1.2 m in diameter with its bole often deeply fluted or grooved to 7 m with small buttresses present (Palla, 2005).

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Zapoteca portoricensisroot crude methanol extract and its fractions normalizes aberrations associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats

et al. 2020

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This study investigated the application of crude methanol extract (CME) of Zapoteca portoricensis root and its methanol (MF) and ethyl acetate (EAF) fractions in managing benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Forty-five albino rats (180-200 g) were divided into nine groups of five rats each: Group 1 served as normal control. BPH was induced in groups 2-9 using dihydrotestosterone and estradiol. Group 2 served as BPH-control and group 3 was dutasteride-treated. Groups 4 and 5, 6 and 7, and 8 and 9 were respectively treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg/d b.w. of CME, 200 and 400 mg/kg/d b.w. of MF, and 200 and 400 mg/kg/d b.w. of EAF, respectively for 14 days orally. The effects of the extracts on the hematological and biochemical indices of the rats were assessed. At 400 mg/kg/d b.w, p.o. using a gavage, CME, MF and EAF decreased prostatic specific antigen by 55.91%, 57.54% and 56.75%, respectively comparable to 58.80% by dutasteride (an indication of improved prostate status). The extracts also restored BPH-modified hematological and biochemical status of BPHinduced-extracts-treated rats compared to BPH-control. These findings suggest that Z. portoricensis root extracts normalize aberrations associated with BPH and may justify the plant's folkloric use in the management of BPH.

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Toxicity Evaluation of a Commercial Herbal Preparation Commonly Used in Nigeria

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

In-vivo antidiarrheal activity: From the crude extract and solvent fractions of Rhamnus prinoides (Rhamnaceae) leaves

In-vivo antidiarrheal activity: From the crude extract and solvent fractions of Rhamnus prinoides (Rhamnaceae) leaves

Assessment of the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of aqueous root extract of <i>Alstonia boonei</i> De wild using the Allium test

Zapoteca portoricensisroot crude methanol extract and its fractions normalizes aberrations associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats

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