As an effective strategy to implement electrical load shifting and to encourage the use of alternative renewable energies, such as solar and wind generation, the energy storage system plays an important role in the energy internet and the smart grid. Compressed air energy storage is a promising technique due to its efficiency, cleanliness, long life, and low cost. This paper reviews CAES technologies and seeks to demonstrate CAES's models, fundamentals, operating modes, and classifications. Application perspectives are described to promote the popularisation of CAES in the energy internet and smart grids. We review recent work on CAES. We evaluate and analyse these results to discover gaps and opportunities. The most important results indicate that CAES is generally considered an EES (electrical energy storage) option for wind power integration. However, current research is beginning to investigate CAES in combination with solar energy systems. Gaps may be identified in the study associated with CAES for microgrid integration and demand management which are future uses of CAES.
This paper summarises the findings of many studies and surveys in the water and energy sectors in order to make recommendations for water and energy policies in Algeria. We provide an overview of current policy concerning water, energy, and climate change. We investigate the impact of the water-energy nexus on current policy developments. We made specific proposals to aid in the integration of water and energy policies in Algeria. This study demonstrates how, in the absence of integrated policies, the inextricable historical linkages between water and electricity have given rise to spurious trade-offs between water and energy. Drought and climate change are projected to increase demand for electricity, and water sector adaptation strategies have the potential to contribute to climate change by encouraging investment in energy-intensive technologies such as desalination and enhanced wastewater treatment. The findings indicate that demand management programmes and water pricing regulations that lower water and energy intensity in important industries are likely to benefit Algeria's whole economy and environment. The findings are equally applicable to other countries confronted with the burden of developing appropriate strategies to manage their water and energy issues.
Abstract. The water sector in Algeria has to date paid scant attention to the issue of climate change and is often unaware of its impact on future water resources. Studies will be needed to assess the impact and cost of climate change and draw up adaptation solutions. Forecasts are not optimistic. Models for climate change indicate that rainfall could decrease by more than 20% by 2050, which would result in even greater worsening water shortages in different basins of Algeria. The construction of 70 dams planned will provide only small additional volumes. The particular challenge for Algeria in the coming decades will be to adapt to a decrease in renewable water resources. The country will have to carefully manage these resources. Mobilization of non-conventional water resources (desalination and wastewater reuse) will be a strategic component of future water policy. The development of unconventional resources and the management of water demand will increase more the energy consumption of the water sector. This consumption would reach nearly 12% of the country's consumption and must be integrated dice now in the country's energy forecasts. More coordinated planning and action will consequently be required between the water and energy sectors if further aggravation of the water deficit is to be avoided. Moreover, the revolution in renewable energy (wind and solar power) in terms of technological development and costs may help reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and ensure reserves for future generations by fostering decentralized renewable energy projects for alimentation of pumping stations. Algeria has thus set itself by 2030 a share of renewable energy in the national energy balance of between 30 and 40%. The share of renewable power will represent about 17% of installed capacity (5539 MW) compared to 4.74% in 2011 (540 MW).
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