Biologi reproduksi ikan dan genetik populasi merupakan hal yang penting dalam manajemen perikanan. Penelitian tentang ikan kembung (Rastrelliger brachysoma) dilakukan berdasarkan pada pengamatan secara visual terhadap gonad dan mengukur indeks gonad. Contoh genetik ikan kembung (Rastrelliger brachysoma) diperoleh dari 5 lokasi penangkapan, yaitu perairan utara Jakarta, Eretan Wetan (Indramayu), Pekalongan, Rembang, dan Pasuruan (Selat Madura). Analisis restriction fragment length polymorphism mitochondria-DNA ikan contoh menggunakan 5 jenis enzim restriksi yaitu Alu I, Hae III, Nde II, Taq I, dan Hind III. Hasil pengamatan terhadap 1.024 spesimen ikan menunjukkan bahwa ikan contoh dominan dalam keadaan belum matang (tingkat kematangan gonad I, II, dan III). Dugaan musim pemijahan ikan kembung (Rastrelliger brachysoma) terjadi pada musim timur karena nilai indeks gonad pada musim timur rendah. Ukuran ikan yang matang (tingkat kematangan gonad IV) berkisar antara 19 sampai dengan 20 cm (FL) dengan nilai indeks gonad 0,49 sampai dengan 6,98. Hasil analisis restriction fragment length polymorphism mitochondria-DNA menunjukkan pola pemotongan yang diperoleh adalah sama (satu pola pemo Reproductive biology and population genetic of fish provide the important point in the fisheries management. A study on short mackerel (Rastrelliger brachysoma) was based on visual observations to the ovary and the measurement of gonado somatic index. Genetic sample of short mackerel (Rastrelliger brachysoma) were collected from 5 catch location i.e. northern Jakarta, Eretan Wetan (Indramayu), Pekalongan, Rembang, and Pasuruan (Madura Strait). Analysis restriction fragment length polymorphism mitochondria-DNA were used 5 kind restriction enzyme Alu I, Hae III, Nde II, Taq I, and Hind III. Observations on 1,024 specimen showed that the sample was dominated in immature stage (stage I, II, and III). Spawning season of short mackerel (Rastrelliger brachysoma) was supposed in the east wind due to the fact that gonado somatic index is lower in east wind season. The size of ripe (stage IV) specimen was about 19 to 20 cm fork length, with gonado somatic index value range from 0.49 to 6.98. The result of analysis restriction fragment length polymorphism mitochondria-DNA showed has the same digestion model (one digestion model) therefore no significant differences in fish sample gonotip.
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