This paper reviews studies on the linguistic landscape (LL) field concerning tourism between 2014 and 2022 to offer insights into the development of LL, particularly in the tourism context. Furthermore, the review provides examples of using LL as a research tool and a data source to address several issues in tourist spaces. There has been a growing trend in the study of the written text in tourist spaces as it encompasses a wide variety of creative theoretical and empirical research, dealing with themes like multilingualism, multimodality, language policy, linguistic diversity, and minority languages, among others. This review examines past studies that aided in opening up this area of research and outlines some emerging themes that serve as a springboard for others to consider. Relevant articles for this review were identified from two leading databases: Google Scholar and Academia. Three main steps were involved in this review method: identification, screening, and eligibility processes. The selected articles revealed two main emerging themes that are prominently discussed in the area of tourism which are language dominance and multilingualism. Overall, LL research's emerging themes help deepen the understanding of language(s) use in tourist spaces, especially in multilingual settings. The review demonstrates the potential for LL studies in areas such as tourist space, pedagogy, inclusion, and public awareness.
The study attempts to map the linguistic landscape of Sentul, the new urban area of Kuala Lumpur. It aims to examine the preferred language of shop signs in the area. Data were collected primarily from visible shop signs and categorized through a sign coding scheme based on Sunwani’s (2005) model. The analysis indicates that the area preferred a mixture of English, BM, and Chinese for the shop signs. The findings show diverse factors govern the choice of language use on the shop signs attributed to identity, nature of business owners, and shop location. Keywords: Linguistic Landscape; Shop sign; Multilingual; Language Learning. eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI2.2333
Background: Cancer awareness among the public should be enhanced in line with the increased cancer occurrence. Such program is still limited at local community in Malaysia. Thus, a registered cancer society KanWork has taken an initiative to organize awareness program in collaboration with the local community. The community based approach was guided by The Interactive Model of Program Planning (Caffarella & Daffron, 2013). The program objective was to promote healthy lifestyle and encourage early detection. For further improvement, there is a need to evaluate the program's effectiveness and strategy. Aim: 1. To determine the relationship between program strategy and cancer awareness program effectiveness. 2. To determine predictors that contribute to cancer awareness program effectiveness. Methods: A customized instrument to measure a program effectiveness constructs guided by The Interactive Model of Program Planning was developed. The questionnaire was administered to 628 participants of five program carried out by KanWork in collaboration with and at five local communities in Selangor, Malaysia between 2015 and 2017. 321 (51%) returned the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlations and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data. Results: Majority (91%) participants of the community cancer awareness program was women and public (90%). Majority (66%) learned about program from the community. The findings showed positive and moderate relationships between short lecture and program effectiveness (r = .625, P = 0.00), sharing session with survivor (r = .577, P = 0.00), awareness exhibition (r = .376, P = 0.00), facilities program (r = .246, P = 0.00), and health screening (r = .192, P = 0.00). Short lecture (β = .773; P < .000) showed a major contribution to cancer awareness program effectiveness. There were five factors that contributed namely; short lecture, sharing session with survivor, awareness exhibitions, health screening, and appropriate facilities. The short lecture on general cancer was done by experienced, proficient oncologist. Participants were engaged in a two-way communication session. Transfer of learning was facilitated during the sharing session (panel discussion) with cancer survivors of different cancer journeys. Participants were convinced hearing from the “horses´ mouth”. The learning was further reinforced with related culturally appropriate cancer education material (poster, books and brochures) on display at the awareness exhibition. To promote participants to practice early detection, they were also given opportunities to do breast clinical examination, Papanicolaou test and health screening at the venue. The program's venue with appropriate facilities further encouraged the community to be engaged in the program. Conclusion: Appropriate program strategy contributes toward effective cancer awareness program. The findings support some elements of the Interactive Model of Program Planning.
Reading academic texts requires learners to use a variety of skills and strategies. Among the main types of academic reading are (a) reading for quick reference, (b) reading for pleasure and also (c) critical reading. Students who have just left high schools, reading academic text may post some problems. Hence, readers face challenges when they read academic texts. Different readers face different difficulties when they read different types of texts. Some readers face linguistics challenges while some face non-linguistic challenges when they read academic texts. Fortunately, many academic readers have their own way to cope with the difficulties in reading. This study explored the problem readers face when they read academic texts. This study also investigates show readers use schemata and socio affective strategies to help them cope with difficulties when reading academic texts. The instrument used is a five Likert scale survey with 33 items. Data is analyzed using SPSS version 26 to reveal frequency of responses. Findings bear interesting pedagogical implications to the teaching and learning of academic reading. Contribution/ Originality:This study contributes to the existing literature on reading difficulties that learners face when they read academic texts. In addition to that, this study documents some coping strategies such as using the schemata and socio-affective strategies that readers can use.
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