Nanofibers containing Volariella volvacea spores were prepared by electrospinning technique. It has been one of the promising and alternative techniques in immobilizing microorganism cells including bacteria, virus and fungi through entrapment process. The nanosize electrospun nanofibers exhibit outstanding properties including high porosity and reusability which make them an ideal candidates for various types of potential application especially in bioprocess development. In the present study, the spores of Volvariella volvacea were suspended in a series of polymer solutions (poly (vinyl alcohol) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone) and subjected to an electrostatic field supplied by the power voltage. The viability of the entrapped spores was estimated through microorganism cells test by culturing the obtained nanofiber mats on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and studying their growth rate. The Volvariella volvacea spores electrospun in nanofibers remained viable for 12 days at room temperature (30˚C) with PVP electrospun nanofiber chosen as the best carrier matrix for entrapment of Volvariella volvacea. The present result demonstrated that electrospinning process possess high potential in entrapping and immobilizing of microorganism cells.
Nanotechnology is a growing technology that has been recognized as vital and scientific with bioprocess development especially in dealing with usage of free cells. Limitations such as low bioavailability, storage instability and low substrate inhibition bound the application of free cells in various field thus leading researchers into focusing more on free cells immobilization system. With the increasing knowledge in nanomaterials fabrication techniques, the immobilization of free cells through entrapment approach in highly porous and the high surface area of nanofibers is becoming an interesting subject to be highlighted. The production of free cells entrapped in nanofibers via electrospinning in terms of quality and quantity is highly affected by the electrospinning operating parameters including solution formulation, ambient conditions, operating conditions of electrospinning machine and types of materials used. Hence, this review paper will provide an overview of the operating conditions involved in electrospinning of cells through entrapment process which affect the characteristics of the electrospun nanofibers produced and the viability or growth of cells when entrapped in the electrospun nanofibers mats.
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